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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the non-infectious processes that the immune system is involved in?
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1) Transplantation immunity
2) Autoimmune disorders (lupus) 3) Hypersensitivities (allergies) 4) Tumors |
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What are the three types of lymphocytes involved in the immune system?
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1) B lymphocytes
2) T lymphocytes 3) Natural Killer cells (large granular leukocytes |
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What are the two types of mononuclear phagocytes?
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1) Macrophages/monocytes
2) Dendritic cells |
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Which leukocyte forms "pus"?
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Neutrophils
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Where do macrophages come from?
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Arise from monocytes
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What type of leukocyte has the ability to process and present antigen to T cells?
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Macrophages
*also secrete cytokines that regulate other cell types |
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Which leukocyte is the bridge between innate and acquired immunity?
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Macrophages
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Which leukocyte initiates the adaptive immune response?
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Dendritic cells
*picks up antigen in infected tissue and moves it to lymphoid tissue (where they can interact w/ T cells and present antigen) |
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Where are antibodies produced?
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Produced by plasma cells (differentiated B cells)
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What affects does an antibody have on a pathogen?
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1) Bind and neutralize pathogen
2) Prepare for destruction by phagocytes or by complement |
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Name the three functions of the complement system
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1) Recruit inflammatory cells
2) Opsonization (tag organism for destruction) 3) Perforation of pathogen cell membrane |
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Name the three pathways by which the complement system is activated
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1) Alternative
2) Lectin 3) Classical |
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Name the three types of innate immunity
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1) Mechanical
2) Chemical 3) Microbiological (normal flora) |
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What causes a fever during the natural immune response?
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Cytokines act on the immune system, but also alter metabolic processes to generate heat
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Which phagocytic cells are involved in natural (innate) immunity?
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1) Mononuclear phagocytes
2) Neutrophils |
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In innate immunity, how do phagocytes recognize pathogens?
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Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
*Can be direct (receptors on phagocyte) or indirect (host proteins bound to pathogen) |
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Where are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed?
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Cells that are involved in innate immunity
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Briefly describe the two major mechanisms for recruiting leukocytes to the site of infection?
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1) Binding to adhesion molecules on epithelia
2) Chemoattractants produced in response to infection |
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What are the steps in which leukocytes are recruited to the site of infection?
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1) Selectin-mediated rolling of leukocytes
2) Chemokines increase the affinity of integrins and endothelium binding occurs 3) Transmigration |
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Which cytokine is used to "activate" macrophages and neutrophils for killing?
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IFN-y
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