Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hemispheres |
The two halves of the brain |
|
Corpus callosum |
The band of fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain |
|
Brain stem |
The most primitive part of the brain and controls basic survival functions like breathing, heart rate, and sleep |
|
Cerebellum |
Located at the top of the brainstem and receives info from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to coordinate balance and voluntary movement |
|
Cerebrum/cortex |
Accounts for about two-thirds of the brains mass and handles the higher functions of thought and action
Includes occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe |
|
Occipital lobe |
Lobe that processes vision |
|
Temporal lobe |
Lobe that processes auditory info and enables us to understand language |
|
Parietal lobe |
Lobe that processes sensory input and is where taste, temperature, and touch are integrated or processed |
|
Frontal lobe |
Lobe that processes complex thoughts, planning, movement, language, and impulse control |
|
Amygdala |
Contributes to our emotions and moods |
|
Hippocampus |
Processes and stores memory |
|
Neuron |
Cells that make up the nervous system of the body |
|
Neurotransmitter |
Chemicals that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse from one nerve cell to another |
|
Axons |
The parts of a nerve cell that conduct impulses away from the cell body |
|
Dendrites |
The portions of a neuron that receive impulses from other neurons |
|
Synapse |
The place where the axon from one neuron meets the dendrite of another neuron |
|
Gray matter |
The neuron and synapses that make up the brain |
|
Synaptogenesis |
The development of new synapses |
|
Plasticity |
The ability of a immature brain to change in form and function |
|
Pruning |
The deterioration and disappearance of synapses that are not used |
|
Experience-expectant brain development |
Development that occurs when we encounter experiences that our brain expects as a normal event.
Ex. During normal course of events, our eyes will be exposed to light. When these expected events occur, the pathways that are used are retained |
|
Experience-dependent brain development |
Development that occurs in response to specific learning experiences Ex. The constant use of the fingers of the left hand to move and hold the appropriate strings on the violin further develop that part of the right side of the brain |
|
Myelination |
The process of laying down a fatty sheath of myelin on the neurons |
|
White matter |
The myelin-coated axons that connect neurons in the brain |
|
Cerebral palsy |
A chronic condition that appears early in development and primarily involves problems with body movement and muscle coordination |
|
Autism spectrum disorder |
A disorder characterized by pervasive impairment and social communication and interaction and by restricted repetitive behaviors, interest, or activities. Severity is classified by how much support the individual needs to function effectively |
|
Wernickes area |
Producing language/speech production |
|
Brocus area |
Processing/interpreting language |
|
Schizophrenia |
A psychotic disorder marked by disorganized thinking, hallucinations, and delusions |
|
Visual acuity |
The ability to see things in sharp detail |
|
Adolescent growth spurt |
The period of rapid change in height and weight that occurs in early adolescence |
|
Prepubescence |
The period before puberty when hormonal changes begin |
|
Puberty |
The physical changes that occur in adolescence and make an individual capable of sexual reproduction |
|
Primary sex characteristics |
Physical characteristics directly involved in reproduction |
|
Menarche |
A girl's first menstrual period |
|
Spermarche |
The beginning of production of viable sperm |
|
Secondary sex characteristics |
Physical characteristics associated with gender that do not directly affect the sex organs |
|
Precocious puberty |
A condition in which pubertal changes begin at an extra ordinarily early age (as young as six or seven years of age) |
|
Sexually transmitted infection (STI) |
An infection caused by a microorganism that is transmitted by direct sexual contact |
|
Sexually transmitted disease (STD) |
A pathology that can result from a sexually transmitted infection |
|
Reflexes |
Patterned, involuntary motor responses that are controlled by the lower brain centers |
|
Proximodistal |
Development that proceeds from the central axis of the body toward the extremities Move hand, to fingers, to individual fingers ect |
|
Proprioception |
A sense of knowing where the parts of one's body are located in space without the need to look at them |
|
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) |
A condition in which delays in reaching motor milestones interfere with daily living or academic performance |
|
Colostrum |
The thick, yellowish substance filled with antibodies and nutrients that is produced from a woman's breast after she gives birth before milk is produced |
|
Undernutrition |
A deficiency of calories or of one or more essential nutrients |
|
Food insecurity |
A situation in which food is often scarce or unavailable, causing people to overeat when they do have access to food |