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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the basic concept of a chemical reaction
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In a chemical reaction, chemical bonds between atoms in reactants (starting materials) are broken and new bonds are formed in different combinations to form new compounds (the products).
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Identify and briefly describe a Decomposition Reaction
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Breaks larger compounds into smaller ones. One substance becomes two.
Catabolism. Breakdown of nutrients to provide energy. AB > A + B 2CuO > 2Cu + O2 2H2O > 2H2 + O2 |
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Identify and briefly describe a Combination Reaction
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Makes larger compounds from smaller ones. Two substances form one substance.
Anabolism. Synthesis of structural components of cells and tissues A + B > [AB] N2 + 3H2 > 2[NH3] Ca + S > [CaS] |
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Identify and briefly describe a Single Replacement Reaction
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An atom or molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms from a compound. Always two reactants and two products. An element and a compound are reactants and an element and a compound are products.
A + BC > B + AC Fe + CuSO4 > Cu + FeSO4 F2 + 2NaCl > Cl2 + 2NaF |
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Identify and briefly describe a Double Replacement Reaction
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Two substances exchange parts with another and form two different substances. Partner switching.
AB + CD > AC + BD AgNO3 + NaCl > AgCl + NaNO3 (Silver switches with Sodium) |
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Identify and briefly describe a Combustion Reaction
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Reaction between a substance and oxygen that proceeds with the production of light and heat. Breakdown of a hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide in water.
2C2H2 + 5O2 > 4CO2 + 2H2O |
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Explain the concept of redox reactions
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A reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons from one reactant to another reactant; oxidation and reduction.
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Define the term Oxidation
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The loss of electrons; the gain of oxygen atoms and/or the loss of hydrogen atoms.
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Define the term Reduction
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The gain of electrons; the loss of oxygen atoms and/or the gain of hydrogen atoms.
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Define the term Oxidizing agent
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A reactant that causes oxidation of another reactant by accepting electrons from it.
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Define the term Reducing agent
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A reactant that causes reduction of another reactant by providing electrons
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Define the term Exothermic reaction
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Reactions which give off heat are exothermic.
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Define the term Endothermic reaction
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Reactions taking in heat are endothermic.
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Define the term Exergonic reaction
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An exergonic reaction is one which generates energy = Exothermic Reaction
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Define the term Endergonic reaction
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An endergonic reaction is one which requires energy = Endothermic Reaction
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Define the term Balance chemical equations
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In a balanced chemical equation there must be the same number of atoms of each element on both sides and the same mass on each side.
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Identify the substance that is oxidized, the substance that is reduced, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.
Al(s) + Fe3+(aq) > Al3+(aq) + Fe(s) |
Al (s) loses three electrons and becomes Al3+;
Aluminium is oxidised. Fe3+ gains three electrons and becomes Fe. Iron is reduced. Al is the reducing agent. Fe is the oxidising agent. |
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Identify the substance that is oxidized, the substance that is reduced, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.
CH3OH(g) + O2(g) > HCOOH(g) + H2O(g) |
In converting CH3OH to HCOOH, CH3OH both gains oxygens and loses hydrogens; it is oxidised.
In converting O2 to H2O, O2 gains hydrogens; it is reduced. CH3OH is the reducing agent. O2 is the oxidising agent. |
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Identify the substance that is oxidized, the substance that is reduced, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.
Ni2+(aq) + Cr(s) > Ni(s) + Cr2+(aq) |
Ni gains two electrons and becomes Ni.
Nickel is reduced. Cr loses two electrons and becomes Cr2+. Chromium is oxidised. Nickel is the oxidising agent. Chromium is the reducing agent. |
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Identify the substance that is oxidized, the substance that is reduced, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.
CH2O(g) + H2(g) > CH3OH(g) |
CH2O gains hydrogen so is reduced.
H2 gains oxygens in being converted to CH3OH and so is oxidised. CH2O is the oxidising agent. H2 is the reducing agent. |