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148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
what is dalton's atomic theory?
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all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. Compounds contain atoms from different compounds, all atoms of the same element are identical. Compounds are always in whole number ratios. atoms can neither be created or destroyed.
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law of conservation of mass
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atoms are neither created no destroyed
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law of definite proportions
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atoms of constituent elements are always combined in the same proportions by mass
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law of multiple proportions
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when two elements combine to form more than one type of compound, the masses of one element with a fixed mass to the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers
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atomic number
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number of protons
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mass number
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protons + neutrons
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atomic mass
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mass of an atom in an element measured in amu or daltons, or moles.
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molecular compounds characteristics
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1. smallest units are discrete, individual molecules. 2. covalent not ionic bonds 3. combine two nonmetallic elements
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ionic compounds characteristics
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1. positive and negative ions are held together by mutual attraction. no covalent bonds. 2. combine metal cations and nonmetallic anions.
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naming ionic compounds
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metal cation metallic name followed by the nonmetal anion name with -ide. no prefixes.
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naming binary molecular compounds
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1. H excepted, the elements are written in order of most atoms.
2. number of atoms are given a prefix, mono- di- etc. except for the first element if it is a single atom. |
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what is the procedure thwn metals have more than one ionic charge?
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roman numerals are used.
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aluminum
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(Al) 3+
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ammonium
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(NH4)+
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barium
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Ba) 2+
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Cd
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Cd2+
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Caddie makes how many people on the golf course?
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Ca
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Ca2+
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Carrie has how many brain cells?
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Cs
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Cs+
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Cr
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Cr3+
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Crazy Sexy Cool
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Co
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Co2+*
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cocks have how many balls? how many sexual organs if the guy is a dickhead?
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Cu
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Cu+/2+
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cultivated women should have 2 or at least 1 degree
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H
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H+
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Fe
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Fe+2/+3
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Feet there are 2 or three if foot in mouth
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Pb
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2+*
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how many drinks do i take to get dunk in the pub?
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Li
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Li+
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Lite
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Mg
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Mg2+
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Maggie has how many siblings?>
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Mn
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Mn2+*
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Meningicoccol must be treated with antibiotics within 2 hours
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Hg
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HG2)2+ / 2+
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hug 2 people
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K
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K+
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Kate beat your OP by?
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Ag
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Ag+
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agregate cross country came what place?
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Na
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Na+
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I will beat neala by how much because I will go to UQ
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Sr
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2+
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two bags full sir
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Sn
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2+/4+
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what are the second and fourth deadly sins?
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Zn
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Zn2+
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Zen involves yin and yang
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Rb
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2+
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Reebok
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Be
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Be2+
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Because
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Ra
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Ra2+
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Radar
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cuprous
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Cu+
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copper to arouse
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cupric
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Cu+2
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prick
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ferrous
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Fe2+
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faris has two scarves
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ferric
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Fe3+
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stannous
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Sn2+
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stannic
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Sn4+
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chromous
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Cr2+
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chromic
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Cr3+
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Chromic
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Cr3+
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Manganous
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Mn2+
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Manganic
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Mn3+
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Mercurous
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Hg2 (2+)
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Mercurric
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Hg(2+)
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Plumbous
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Pb2+
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Plumbic
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Pb4+
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Cobaltous
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Co2+
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Cobaltic
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Co3+
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corn on cob 3 syllables Dan-ie-ka
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Aurous
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Au+
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Augusten had how many biological parents on contact?
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Aurric
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Au+3
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Augusten had how many parents in contact before new york
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hydride
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H-
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Fluoride
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F-
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Chloride
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Cl-
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bromide
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Br-
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iodide
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I-
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Oxide
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O(2-)
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Sulfide
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S (2-)
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Selenide
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Se(2-)
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Telluride
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Te(2-)
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Silver Ion
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Ag+
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nickel ion
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Ni2+
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nitride
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N3-
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Phosphide
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P3-
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Nitrate
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NO3(-)
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Nitrite
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NO2(-)
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Chromate
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CrO4 (2-)
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dichromate
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Cr2O7(2-)
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Cyanide
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CN(-)
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Permanganate
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MnO4(-)
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Hydroxide
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OH-
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Peroxide
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O2(2-)
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Amide
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NH2 (-)
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Carbonate
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CO3 (2-)
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Sulfate
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SO4 (2-)
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Sulfite
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SO3(2-)
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Oxalate
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C2O4 (2-)
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Phosphate
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PO4 (3-)
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Phosphite
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PO3 (3-)
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Perchlorate
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ClO4 (-)
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Chorate
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ClO3 (-)
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Chlorite
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ClO2 (-)
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Hypochlorite
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ClO (-)
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Periodate
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IO4 (-)
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Iodate
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IO3 (-)
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hypoiodite
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IO-
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bromate
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BrO3 (-)
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hypobromite
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BrO (-)
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bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate
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HCO3 (-)
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hydrogen sulfate/bisulfate
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HSO4 (-)
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Hydrogen sulfite
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HSO3 (-)
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hydrogen oxalate
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HC204 (-)
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hydrogen phosphate
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HPO4 (2-)
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dihydrogen phosphate
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H2PO4 (-)
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thiosulfate
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S2O3 (2-)
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arsenate
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AsO4 (3-)
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selenate
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SeO4 (2-)
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silicate
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SiO3 (2-)
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tartrate
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C4H4O6 (2-)
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hydrogen sulfide
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HS (-)
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BORATE
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BO3 (3-)
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TETRABORATE
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B2O7 (2-)
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HEXAFLUOROSILICATE
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SiF6(2-)
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THIOCYNATE
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SCN-
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ACETATE
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CH3COO- OR C2H3O2(-)
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Preferred order of writing nonmetals in a forumula?
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Rn; Xe; Kr; B; Si; C; Sb; As; P; N; H; Te; Se; S; I; Br; Cl; O; F.
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chemical equation
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an expression of the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols.
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molecular formular
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an expression that shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance
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allotrope
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one of two or more distinct forms of an element
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diamond and graphite
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structural formula
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shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecular
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empirical formula
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an expression detailing tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms
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formula of ionic compounds
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the subscript of the cation is numerically equal to the charge on the anion and the subscript on the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation.
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cross over
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molecular compounds have what nomenclature procedure?
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prefix + íde on the second element, order of elements written in colecular compounds
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What are the exceptions to the use of Greek prefixes in molecular formulas? what is done instead? give some examples.
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Molecular compounds containing hydrogen, which are traditionally called their nonsystematic names or by names that do not express the number of H atoms present. Further they often have H written out of custom as the first element, when typically it is the last. examples include
B2H6 DIBORANE CH4 METHANE SiH4 SILANE NH3 AMMONIA PH3 PHOSPHINE H2O WATER H2S HYDROGEN SULFIDE |
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Acid
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a substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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what does acid contain?
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contains one or more hydrogen atoms as well as an anionic group.
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acids that end in "ide" when associated with acids become..
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prefix: hydro
suffix: -ic |
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why do some acids have more than one name?
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depends on their physical state. when dissolved in water HCl is Hydrochloric acid when in a gaseous or pure liquid form it is called Hydrogen Chloride, because it is a molecular compound not yet dissociating
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what are oxoacids?
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acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen and another element (which is central in the formula)
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How are oxoacid formulas written?
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first: H
second: central element third: O |
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what are four examples of oxoacids?
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HNO3 nitric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid HClO3 chloric acid |
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often two or more oxoacids have the same central atom but a different number of O atoms. what are the rules used?
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1. addition of 1+ O to the "ic" acid, the prefix "per-" is added
2. removal of -1 O from the "ic" acid, the suffix "-ous" is added. 3. Removal of -2 O atoms from the "ic" acid, the acid is given a prefix and suffix: "hypo-" and "-ous" respectively. |
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what are oxoanions?
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the anion derived from the oxoacid
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what are the rules for naming oxoanions?
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1. when all H ion are removed from the -ic acid = anion ends in "-ate".
2. when all H ions are removed from the "-ous" acid the anion's name ends in "-ite". 3. when not all hydrogens are removed prefixes must be used, with its normal laws, to indicate the number of hydrogen atoms. |
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list 6 simple acids
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HF Hydrofluoric Acid
HCl Hydochloric Acid HBr Hydrobromic Acid HI Hydoiodic Acid HCN Hydrocyanic Acid H2S Hydosulfuric Acid |
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How can one work out the typical "ic" acid?
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ionic formula, what are the anion/cation number for the element? what ionic formula would this make?
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what is a base?
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yields OH- ions when dissolved in water
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what are some xamples of bases?
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NaOH
KOH Ba(OH)2 note a base need not contain OH ion its structure |
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chemical equation
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an expression of the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols.
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molecular formular
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an expression that shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance
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allotrope
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one of two or more distinct forms of an element
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diamond and graphite
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structural formula
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shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecular
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empirical formula
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an expression detailing tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms
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formula of ionic compounds
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the subscript of the cation is numerically equal to the charge on the anion and the subscript on the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation.
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cross over
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molecular compounds have what nomenclature procedure?
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prefix + íde on the second element, order of elements written in colecular compounds
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What are the exceptions to the use of Greek prefixes in molecular formulas? what is done instead? give some examples.
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Molecular compounds containing hydrogen, which are traditionally called their nonsystematic names or by names that do not express the number of H atoms present. Further they often have H written out of custom as the first element, when typically it is the last. examples include
B2H6 DIBORANE CH4 METHANE SiH4 SILANE NH3 AMMONIA PH3 PHOSPHINE H2O WATER H2S HYDROGEN SULFIDE |
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Acid
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a substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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what does acid contain?
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contains one or more hydrogen atoms as well as an anionic group.
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acids that end in "ide" when associated with acids become..
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prefix: hydro
suffix: -ic |
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why do some acids have more than one name?
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depends on their physical state. when dissolved in water HCl is Hydrochloric acid when in a gaseous or pure liquid form it is called Hydrogen Chloride, because it is a molecular compound not yet dissociating
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what are oxoacids?
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acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen and another element (which is central in the formula)
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How are oxoacid formulas written?
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first: H
second: central element third: O |
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what are four examples of oxoacids?
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HNO3 nitric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid HClO3 chloric acid |
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