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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atom |
The smallest form of a pure substance |
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Electron |
Negatively charged particles |
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Atom |
Smallest form of an element |
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Atoms form bonds to make |
larger structures like molecules. |
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Law of Conservation of Mass |
In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed |
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Law of Conservation of Mass |
The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products |
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Law of Definite Proportions |
All samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions |
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Ratio (8:1) |
Holds true for pure water |
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Law of Multiple Proportions |
The same elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds. The ratio of the masses of B that reacted with a fixed mass of A is always a small whole number |
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Law of Definite Proportions |
In the same compound, ratio of one element to another always the same |
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Law of Multiple Proportions |
Different compounds composed of the same elements |
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JJ Thomson experiment |
Cathode rays moved from cathode to anode every time, always in a straight line, until he put charged panels on each side of tube, and they went towards the positive plates |
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JJ Thomson experiment |
Proved that electrons exist |
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Millikan Oil Drop Experiment |
Showed how negative electrons were because they were suspended in the middle of the container, between negative and positively charged plate. |
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Rutherford Experiment |
Fired alpha rays at gold foil, some bounced back, proving that atoms must contain a lot of empty space, and mass and positive charge must be concentrated. |
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Rutherford Experiment |
Led to the Nuclear Theory of the Atom |
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Protons |
+1 charge, in nucleus |
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Neutrons |
0 charge, in nucleus |
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Electrons |
-1 charge, in nucleus |
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Element |
Something which cannot be broken down chemically into anything else. |
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Orbital |
Regions of space around the nucleus of the atom where electrons can be found. |
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Molecule |
The smallest particle of something that still has the properties of that thing. |
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Atomic number |
The number of protons in an element |
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Mass number |
The total number of protons and neutrons an atom contains |
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Isotope |
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
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Atomic mass |
The mass of an atom |
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Natural abundance |
The percentage of each type of isotope that exists in nature |
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Mass on periodic table the |
weighted average of all the isotopes of that element
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Any natural sample of an element will have |
a distribution of isotopes according to natural abundance |
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Ions |
Atoms with a different number of protons and electrons |
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Positively charged ion |
Cation |
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Negatively charged ion |
Anion |
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Typically, ________ form cations |
Metals |
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Typically, _____________ form anions |
Non-metals |
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Periodic Law |
When the elements are arranged in a certain order of increasing mass, certain sets of properties occur periodically. |
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Periodic table organized by |
increasing atomic number |
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Periodic table organized into |
Columns and rows |
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Elements in same column have |
similar chemical properties |
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Property of a metal |
Malleable |
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Property of a metal |
Ductile |
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Columns called |
Groups (or families) |
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Rows called |
Periods |
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Group 1 |
Alkali metals |
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Alkali metals |
Highly reactive |
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Group 2 |
Alkaline earth metals |
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Alkaline earth metals |
Reactive metals |
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Group 17 |
Halogens |
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Halogens |
Very reactive non-metals |
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Group 18 |
Noble gases |
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Noble gases |
Do not react |
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Mole |
A specific number of something |
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Avogadro's Number |
6.02 x 10^23 |