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47 Cards in this Set
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Tichology |
Is the technical term for the study of hair the disorders and disease of hair care. Understanding how hair is effected by the environment, hair care treatment and chemical texturizing |
Trich |
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Composition of hair , follicle |
Hair begins to form in the underlying layers ( dermis) of the skin living cells in a pocket located in the dermis layer that starts the process of building the hair root. This pocket is referred to as a follicle. The follicle surrounds the entire root providing a space or pocket. |
Surround hair like a glove. |
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Keratin |
The living cells that start the process and Are the building blocks for hair, skin and nails it is a strong fibrous proteins. |
Protein found in hair skin and nails |
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Amino acids |
Are the protein building blocks of hair and link together to form tiny protein fibers. Each amino acid consists of elements hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon and sulfur. |
Small balls that form a single strand of hair |
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Peptide bond |
Is amino acids connected end to end forming a peptide bond |
Small balls chain together in a single strand of hair |
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Polypeptide chain |
Are spiraling chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Keratin proteins are long ,coiled chains of polypeptides. This process continues with hundreds of microfibers group together to create a cortical fiber. The cortical fiber group together produce the cortex. The dry, dead cell that surround the cortex or the cuticle scales. |
Spiral light particles in a single strand of hair |
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Side bonds aka cross bonds |
Connect the polypeptide chain side-by-side and are responsible for the hairs strength and elasticity |
Cross bond |
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Hydrogen bond |
Are weak physical side bonds that are easily broken by water or heat. They reform when the hair is cool and or dry. Hydrogen bonds bonds account for approximately 33% of the hair strength |
H20 |
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Salt bonds |
Are also weak physical side bonds that are easily broken by changes in pH. They reform when the PH is restored. They also account for approximately 33% of the hair strength and elasticity |
Shampoo restore the PH |
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Disulfide bonds |
Are strong chemical side bonds that can only be broken by chemical solution. They are not a numerous as the hydrogen or salt ban but still account for approximately 33% of the hair strength and elasticity disulfide bonds connect to sulfur Atoms located in amino acid call or cysteine. |
Perm , bond aka disulfide bond. Reduction |
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Cuticle |
Though outer protective covering. This layer is generally made up of 7 to 12 layers of overlapping scale-like flat cells. How tight the cells overlap determines how quickly product will be absorbed. |
Outer protective covering |
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Cortex |
Is the soft, elastic, thick inner layer made up of elongated cells. Responsible for elasticity ( stretch) in the hair and it also contains melanin or coloring matter. |
Inter soft layer |
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Medulla |
Is the deepest layer consisting of round cells. Sometime it is intermittent or totally absent, which is not known to have any true effect on the hair |
Center of the hair |
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Matter |
Is a substance that has mass and occupies space. It has physical and chemical properties and exists either as a solid, liquid or gas. Each matter is distinguished by its very own property and whether there is or is not a chemical change. |
3 forms of matters Gas- vapor, liquid, solid |
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Gas |
Gas and vapor is not the same. Gases occur when a liquid is place under extreme high or low temperature. Consists of molecules that are very far apart. |
Example oxygen and nitrogen. Air we breathe |
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Vapor |
Vapor and gas are not the same. Vapor develop when liquid evaporates. |
Clouds and steam |
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Atoms |
Are the smallest part of an element. All matter consists of atoms. Atoms are made up of the following. Neutrons, protons, electrons, ions. |
Smallest part of an element. |
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Matter |
Is a substance that has mass and occupies space. It has physical and chemical properties and exists either as a solid, liquid or gas. Each matter is distinguished by its very own property and whether there is or is not a chemical change. |
3 forms of matters Gas- vapor, liquid, solid |
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Gas |
Gas and vapor is not the same. Gases occur when a liquid is place under extreme high or low temperature. Consists of molecules that are very far apart. |
Example oxygen and nitrogen. Air we breathe |
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Vapor |
Vapor and gas are not the same. Vapor develop when liquid evaporates. |
Clouds and steam |
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Atoms |
Are the smallest part of an element. All matter consists of atoms. Atoms are made up of the following. Neutrons, protons, electrons, ions. |
Smallest part of an element. |
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Neutrons |
Neutral particles found in the nucleus. |
Neutral part of a atom. |
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Protons |
Positively charged particles found in the nucleus. |
Positive charge in a nucleus |
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Electrons |
Negative charged particles that revolve around the nucleus on orbiting paths. |
Negative orbiting paths |
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Electrons |
Negative charged particles that revolve around the nucleus on orbiting paths. |
Negative orbiting paths |
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Ions |
Atoms containing an excess amount or not enough electrons in their orbiting paths. |
Excessive or not enough electrons in their orbiting paths |
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Elements |
Are any substance made of 1 type of atom and cannot be chemically broken down |
1 type of atom cannot be chemically broken down |
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Molcules |
Are created when 1 or 2 atoms combine and retain their chemical and physical properties to form matter. |
1 or 2 atoms combine and retain chemical and physical properties. |
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Compounds |
Also know as chemical compound. Chemical substance consists of atoms or ions of 2 or more elements in definite proportions, which can’t be separated by physical means. |
Atoms or ions 2 or mor can’t separate by physical means. |
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Physical changes |
Is matter altered to a different shape temporarily, but eventually returning to its original state. |
Water liquid form and when it’s frozen ice is the solid form of matter |
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Physical properties |
Occurs without chemical reaction or change to the matter.some physical identities are hardness, color, weight odor and boiling point. |
Example mascara on the eyelash. |
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Chemical changes |
Is matter altered to a completely different form permanently |
Example changing the color in the pigment using oxidative product , hair color |
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Chemical properties |
Are characteristic that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and change in the matter |
Example the ability of iron to rust |
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Physical mixtures |
Consists of 2 or more types of matter are blended together, but not chemically altered. Each part in the mixture maintains its own properties. Many properties are mixture, such as alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and water. Mixture can be separated physically or mechanically. |
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Miscible |
Is when a substance is able to be mixed with another substance. |
Example alcohol and water |
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Solution |
Is a mixture that blends 2 or more small particles of gases, liquid or solids that do not separate. |
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Solute |
Is the substance that is dissolved in the solution. |
Coco power and water instant coffee |
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Solvent |
Dissolve other substance to form a solution with no chemical change. |
Ethyl alcohol used in many products like shampoo hairspray. |
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Suspension |
Is a mixture that blends large particles together without dissolving into a liquid or solid. Do not stay mixed they separate back to their original state. |
Makeup nail polish |
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Immiscible |
Is when a substance is not able to mix with another substance. |
Not able to mix |
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Emulsion |
Is a mixture of 2 or more immiscible substance that are dispersed throughout a liquid that eventually separated from each other. |
Water and oil |
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PH potential hydrogen |
Is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is the concentrated amount of hydrogen ions in a solution containing water. Determine if a solution is acid , neutral,alkaline. |
PH |
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PH scale |
Is a scale ranging from 0-14 that measures if a product is an acid ( 0-6.9) neutral (7) or alkaline ( 7.1 to 14) ph scale represents an increase in multiples of 10 hair range 4.5 to 5.5 |
Acidity/ alkalinity 0-14 |
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Permanent waving |
Is chemically rearranging straight hair into a curly or wavy form. |
Aka perm |
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Chemical straightening Processing |
Application of a chemical agent to the hair, followed by a series of steps necessary to produce a reformed hair structure. The chemically change the curly structure of hair, a relaxer cream or lotion is applied and smoothed |
Using chemical to straighten the hair |
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Protective cream |
is a cream barrier applied around the hairline and ear to protect the skin from permanent wave lotions. |
Base cream |
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Neutralizer |
Is a chemical solution that stops the wave process and rebuild the bonds into their own new form this complete process is known as Theo neutralization. Neutralizer is usually range from a pH of 3.02 7.0 |
Neutralizing shampoo |