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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
IS THE SCIENCE DEALING WITH MATTER AND THE CHANGES IN COMPOSITION THAT MATTER
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CHEMISTRY
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TENETATIVE EXPLANATION OF CERTAIN FACTS THAT PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR FURTHER EXPIREMENTATION
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HYPOTHESIS
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EXPLANATION WITH GENERAL PRINCIPALS OF CERTAIN PHENOMENA WITH CONSIDERABLE FACTS TO SUPPORT
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THEORY OR MODEL
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SIMPLE STATEMENTS OF NATURAL PHENOMENA
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TO WHICH EXCEPTIONS ARE KNOWN UNDER THE GIVEN CONDITIONS
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IS EVERTHING THE THAT HAS MASS AND OCCUPIES SPACE
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MATTER
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HAS DEFINATE SHAPE AND VOLUME WITH PARTICLES THAT CLING RIGIDLY TO ONE ANOTHER
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SOLID
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WITHOUT SHAPE OR FORM
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AMORPHOUS
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HAS DIFFINATE VOLUME BUT NOT SHAPE
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LIQUID
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HAS INDEFINITE VOLUME AND NOT FIXED SHAPE WITH PARTICLE THAT MOVE INDEPENDENT OF ONE ANOTHER
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GAS
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PARICULAR KIND OF MATTER WITH FIXED COMPOSITION (PURE SUBSTANCES)
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SUBSTANCES
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MATTER UNIFORM IN APPEARANCE AND HAS SAME PROPERTIES THROUGHOUT (ROOT BEER FLOAT)
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HOMOGENEOUS
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MATTER CONSISTING OF TWO OR MORE PHYSICALY DISTINCT PHASES (COPPER AND WATER)
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HETEROGENEOUS
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HOMOGENEOUS PART OF A SYSTEM SUPPORTED FROM OTHER PARTS PHISICAL BOUNDERIES
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PHASES
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THE BODY UNDER CONSIDERATION
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SYSTEM
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MATERIAL CONTAINING TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES EITHER HETOROGENEOUS OR HOMOGENEOUS
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MIXTURE
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Scientific Method
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The scientific method is a procedure for processing information in which we collect the facts, formulate a hypothesis, plan and do experiments and modify the hypothesis if necessary.
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Explain difference between a hypothesis and a theory
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Hypothesis is a tentative explanation of certain facts that provides a basis for further experimentation. A theory is an explanation of the general principles of certain phenomena with considerable evidence or facts to support it.
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Explain the difference between a theory and a scientific law
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Theories explain natural phenomena, whereas scientific laws are simple statements of natural phenomena to which no exceptions are known under the given conditions.
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Define a phase
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HOMOGENEOUS PART OF A SYSTEM SUPPORTED FROM OTHER PARTS PHYSICAL BOUNDARIES
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How many phases are present in the graduated cylinder? (picture)
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Six
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Consider if this is a observation, hypothesis, theory or scientic law: The battery in my watch must be dead since it is no longer keeping time.
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?
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Consider if this is a observation, hypothesis, theory or scientic law: My computer must have a virus since it is not working properly.
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?
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Consider if this is a observation, hypothesis, theory or scientic law: The air feels cool.
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?
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Consider if this is a observation, hypothesis, theory or scientic law: The candle burns more brightly in pure oxygen than in air because oxygen supports combustion.
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?
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Consider if this is a observation, hypothesis, theory or scientic law: My sister wears red quite often.
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?
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Consider if this is a observation, hypothesis, theory or scientic law: A pure substance has a definite, fixed composition.
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?
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Which liquids listed in Table 1.1 are not mixtures?
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Mercury and Water
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Which of the gases listed in Table 1.1 are not pure substances?
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Air
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Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
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Homogeneous mixtures have the same properties throughout.
Heterogeneous mixtures have different properties in different parts of the system. |
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Which of the following are pure substances? a) sugar b) sand c) gold d) maple syrup e) eggs
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a) sugar, a compound
c) gold an element |
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Ice floats in vegetable oil and sinks in ethyl alcohol. The density of ice must lie between what numerical values? (Table 2.5)
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0.789 g/mL <ice <0.91 g/mL
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State the rules used in this text for rounding off numbers
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Rules for rounding off.
If the first number after the one you want to retain is 4 or less, that digit and all those after it are dropped. If the first number after the one you want to retain is 5 or greater, that digit and all those after it are dropped and the last digit retained is increased by one. |
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Compare the number of degrees between the freezing point of water and its boiling point on the Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Celsius temperature scales (Figure 2.5)
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?
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Silver
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Ag
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Oxygen
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O
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Hydrogen
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H
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Carbon
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C
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Iron
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Fe
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Nitrogen
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N
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Magnesium
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Mg
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Potassium
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K
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Na
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Sodium
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F
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Flourine
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Ni
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Nickel
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Zn
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Zinc
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Ne
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Neon
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He
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Helium
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Ca
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Calcium
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Cl
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Chlorine
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How many metals are there? nonmetals? metalloids? (Table 3.3)
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86 metals
18 nonmetals 7 metalloids |
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Distinguish between a compound and a mixture
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A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion by mass.
A mixture is material containing two or more substances either heterogeneous or homogeneous |
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What are the two general types of compounds? How do they differ from each other?
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1. Molecular- formed of individual molecules composed of atoms.
2. Ionic - formed from ions that are either positive or negative |
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What is the major difference between a cation and an anion?
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Cation- positively charged ion
Anon- negatively charged ion |
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What is the fundamental difference between a chemical change and a physical change?
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A new substance is always formed during a chemical change, but never during a physical change.
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Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy.
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Potential energy is energy that results from position or is stored within a substance.
Kinetic energy is the energy matter possesses as a result of its motion. |
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When water boils, bubbles form. What is inside those bubbles?
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Water vapor
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Is dissolving salt in water a physical or chemical change and why? How could you verify your answer?
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?
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