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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
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Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities (241)
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AMALGAMATION
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The process through which a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group (243)
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ANTI-SEMITISM
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Anti-Jewish prejudice
(254) |
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APARTHEID
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A former policy of the South african government, designed to maintain the separation of blacks and other non-whites from the dominant whites. (245)
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ASSIMILATION
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The process through which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. (244)
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BLACK POWER
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A political philosophy, promoted by many younger black in the 1960s, that supported the creation of black-controlled political and economic institutions. (248)
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CONTACT HYPOTHESIS
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An interactionist perspective which states that in cooperative circumstances, interracial contact between people of equal status will reduce prejudice. (243)
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DISCRIMINATION
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The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons. (238)
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ETHNIC GROUP
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A group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or because of distinctive cultural patterns. (234)
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ETHNOCENTRISM
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The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. (237)
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EXPLOITATION THEORY
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A Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the US as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. (242)
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GENOCIDE
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The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation. (243)
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GLASS CEILING
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An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity. (239)
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HATE CRIME
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A criminal offense committed because of the offender's bias against a race, religion, ethnic group, nation origin, or sexual orientation. (237)
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INSTITUTIONAL DISCRIMINATION
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The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society. (240)
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MINORITY GROUP
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A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs. (234)
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MODEL or IDEAL MINORITY
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A minority group that despite past prejudice and discrimination, succeeds economically, socially, and educationally without resorting to confrontation with the whites. (249)
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PLURALISM
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Mutual respect for one another's cultures among the various groups in a society, which allows minorities to express their own cultures without experiencing prejudice. (245)
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PREJUDICE
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A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority. (237)
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RACIAL GROUP
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A group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on a social significance. (234)
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RACIAL PROFILING
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Any police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior. (255)
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RACISM
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The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior. (237)
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SEGREGATION
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The physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events; often imposed upon a minority group by a dominant group. (244)
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STEREOTYPE
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An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group. (236)
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SYMBOLIC ETHNICITY
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An ethnic identity that emphasizes concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage. (255)
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ADOPTION
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In a legal sense, a process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents.
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BILATERAL DESCENT
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A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.
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COHABITATION
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The practice of living together as a male-female couple without marrying.
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DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIP
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Two unrelated adults who share a mutually caring relationship, reside together, and agree to be jointly responsible for their dependents, basic living expenses, and other common necessities.
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EGALITARIAN FAMILY
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An authority pattern in which spouses are regarded as equals.
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ENDOGAMY
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The restriction of mate selection within the same group.
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EXOGAMY
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The requirement that people select a mate outside certain groups.
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EXTENDED FAMILY
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A family in which relatives, such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles, live in the same home as parents and their children.
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FAMILISM
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Pride in the extended family, expressed through maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk outside the immediate family.
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FAMILY
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A set of people related by blood, marriage, or some other agreed upon relationship, or adoption, who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
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HOMOGAMY
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The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own.
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INCEST TABOO
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The prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specific relatives.
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KINSHIP
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The state of being related to others.
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MACHISMO
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A sense of virility, personal worth and pride in one's maleness
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MATRIARCHY
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A society in which women dominate in a family's decision making.
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MATRILINEAL DESCENT
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A kinship system in which only the mother's relatives are significant.
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MONOGAMY
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A form of marriage in which one woman and one man are married to only each other.
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NUCLEAR FAMILY
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A married couple and their unmarried children living together.
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PATRIARCHY
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A society in which men dominate in family decision making.
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PATRILINEAL DESCENT
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A kinship system in which only the father's relatives are significant.
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POLYANDRY
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A form of polygamy in which a woman may have more then one husband at the same time.
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POLYGAMY
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A form of marriage in which an individual may have several husbands or wives simultaneously.
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POLYGYNY
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A form of polygyny in which a man may have more than one wife at the same time.
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SERIAL MONOGAMY
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A form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses in his or her lifetime, but only one spouse at a time.
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SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY
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A family in which only one parent is present to care for the children.
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CORRESPONDENCE PRINCIPLE
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The tendency of schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for types of jobs typically held by members of their class.
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CREATIONISM
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A literal interpretation of the Bible regarding the creation of humanity and the universe, used to argue that evolution should not be stated as a scientific fact.
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CREDENTIALISM
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An increase in the lowest level of education needed to enter a field.
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CULTURAL UNIVERSAL
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A common practice or belief found in every culture.
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DENOMINATION
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A large organized religion that is not officially linked to the state or government.
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ECCLESIA
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A religious organization that claims to include most or all members of society and is organized as a national or official religion.
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EDUCATION
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A formal process of learning in which some people consciously teach while others adopt the social role as learner.
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ESTABLISHED SECT
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A religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society.
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FUNDAMENTALISM
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Rigid adherence to fundamental religious doctrines, often accompanied by a literal application of scripture or historical beliefs in today's world.
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HIDDEN CURRICULUM
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Standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools.
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INTELLIGENT DESIGN (ID)
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The idea that life is so complex that it could have only been created by intelligent design.
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LIBERATION THEOLOGY
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Use of a church, primarily Roman Catholicism, in a political effort to eliminate, poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice from a secular society.
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NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT (NRM) or CULT
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A small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of existing faith.
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PROFANE
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The ordinary and commonplace elements of life, as distinguished from the sacred.
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PROTESTANT ETHIC
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Max Weber's term for the discipline work ethnic, thisworldly concerns, and rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers.
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RELIGION
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A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.
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RELIGIOUS BELIEF
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A statement to which members of a particular religious adhere.
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RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE
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The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotions
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RELIGIOUS RITUAL
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A practice required or expected of members of a faith.
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SACRED
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Elements beyond everyday life that inspire, awe, respect, and even fear.
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SECT
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A relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organizations to renew what it considers the original vision of the faith.
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SECULARIZATION
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The process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes.
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TEACHER-EXPECTANCY EFFECT
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The impact that a teacher's expectations about a student's performance may have on the actual student's achievements.
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TRACKING
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The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of their test scores and other criteria.
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PROPOSITION 102
MARRIAGE |
YES
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PROPOSTION 200
PAYDAY LOANS |
NO
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PROPOSITION 202
STOP ILLEGAL HIRING |
NO
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PROP 100
PROTECT OUR HOMES |
YES
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PROPOSITION 101
MEDICAL CHOICE |
NO
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PROP 105
MAJORITY RULES |
NO
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PROP 201
HOMEOWNERS' BILL OF RIGHTS |
NO
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PROP 300
STATE LEGISLATOR'S SALARIES |
NO
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