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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sex |
an individual's membership in one of two biologically distinct categories- male or female |
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Intersexed |
term to describe a person whose chromosomes or sex characteristics are neither exclusively male nor exclusively female |
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Gender |
the physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a group considers normal for its male and female members |
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Human Sexual Dimorphism |
the extent, much debated in recent years, to which inherent physical differences define the distinctions between the two sexes |
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Essentialists |
those who believe gender roles have a genetic or biological origin and therefore cannot be changed |
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Gender Identity |
an individual's self-definition or sense of gender |
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Constructionists |
those who believe that notions of gender are socially determined, such that a dichotomous system is just one possibility among many |
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Patriarchy |
literally meaning "rule of the father;" a male dominated society |
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Instrumental Role |
the position of the family member who provides the family's material support and is often an authority figure |
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Expressive Role |
the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing |
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Transgendered |
term describing an individual whose sense of gender identity transgresses expected gender categories |
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Transsexuals |
individuals who identify with the other sex and have surgery to alter their own sex so it fits their image |
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Gender Role Socialization |
the lifelong process of learning to be masculine or feminine, primarily through four agents of socialization: families, school, peers, and the media |
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Social Learning |
the process of learning behaviors and meanings through social interactions |
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Feminization of Poverty |
the economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, caused in part by the gendered gap in wages, the proportion of single mothers compared to single fathers, and the increasing costs of childcare |
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Second Shift |
the unpaid housework and child care often expected of women after they complete their day's paid labor |
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Feminism |
belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes; also the social movements organized around that belief |
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First Wave |
the earliest period of feminist activism in the United States, including the period from the mid-nineteenth century until American women won the right to vote in 1920 |
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Suffrage Movement |
the movement organized around gaining voting rights for women |
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Second Wave |
the period of feminist activity during the 1960s and the 1970s often associated with the issues of women's equal access to employment and education |
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Third Wave |
the most recent period of feminist activity, focusing on issues of diversity and the variety of identities women can possess |
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Male Liberationism |
a movement that originated in the 1970s to discuss the challenges of masculinity |
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Men's Rights Movement |
an offshoot of male liberationism whose members believe that feminism promotes discrimination against men |
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Pro-feminist Men's Movement |
an offshoot of male liberationism whose members support feminism and believe that sexism harms both men and women |
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Sexuality |
the character or quality of being sexual |
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Sexual Orientation/ Sexual Identity |
the inclination to feel sexual desire toward people of a particular gender or toward both genders |
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Heterosexuality |
sexual desire for the other gender |
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Homosexuality |
the tendency to feel sexual desire toward members of one's own gender |
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Bisexuality |
sexual attraction to both genders; bisexuals are sexually attracted to both males and females |
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Asexuality |
involves the lack of sexual attraction of any kind; asexual people have no interest in or desire for sex |
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Queer Theory |
social theory about gender identity and sexuality that emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects as restrictive the idea of innate sexuality |
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LGBTQ |
lesbians, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer; sometimes "A" is added to include "allies" |
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Civil Unions |
proposed as an alternative to gay marriage; a form of legally recognized commitment that provides gay couples some of the benefits and protections of marriage |
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Homophobia |
fear of or discrimination toward homosexuals or toward individuals who display purportedly gender-inappropriate behavior |