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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fibromyalgia
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• Chronic pain-stiffness in muscles, soft tissues, and joints
• fatigue, disturbed sleep, depression • etio-unknown stress?, hormonal imbalanced, infection • dx-no specific test 18 tender points • tx-alleviated symptoms |
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lordosis
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• swayback anterior curve
• etio-related to abdominal weight |
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Kyphosis
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• posterior curve (hunchback)
• etio-inflammation, tumors, TB, ankylosing, spondylosis, osteoporosis |
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scoliosis
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• lateral curve
• etio-idiopathic; uneven leg length •tx-brace, surgery, fusion with rods |
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osteoarthritis
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• degenerative joint disease (DJD)
• normal wear and tear, vary common • large weight-bearing joints involved • etio-unknown, aging, trauma • tx-reduce inflammation, minimize pain, maintain function •surgery-total hip, total knee, fusion |
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lyme disease
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• sx-rash; target rash
• sx-resemble those of arthritis • etio-caused by spirochete (bacterium), transmitted by tick carried by mice or deer • dx-blood test antibodies • tx-antibodies • vaccine is no longer available |
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bursitis
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• inflammation of bursa (fluid filled synovial sac)
• shoulder, elbow, knee, hip, tibia • etio-excessive friction, repeated trauma • tx-avoidance of activities, heat, NSAIDs |
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osteomyelitis
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• infection of the bone and the bone marrow
• etio-staph and strep • dx-culture of microorganism • tx-long-term treatment, antibiotics |
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gout
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• heredity disease of uric acid metabolism; men after 39
• high levels of uric acid in blood and in synovial fluid of joints • usually affects the first metatarsal joints • tx-rest, immobilized, meds |
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paget disease (osteitis deformans)
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• chronic disease; new bone formed faster than old broken down
• seen in persons older than 40 years • hardening of bones, but fragile • frequent fractures (pathologic) • etio-idiopathic, unknown • dx-blood test, x-rays, bone scan • tx-NSAIDs, calcitonin injections, diet |
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Marfan syndrome
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• connective tissue disorders
• long extremities, tall and slender • other organs involved (subluxation of lens and heart) • etio-hereditary, autosomal dominant, long arm of chromosomes 15 |
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musculoskeletal tumors
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• more tumors of the bone than of muscle or connective tissue, benign more common
• secondary are metastatic that have spread from oritinal site, i,e breast, lung, prostate • sarcomas are malignant tumors • may cause osteonecrosis, increase ossification and calcification • etio-idiopathic • dx-hx, PE multiple blood test, x-rays • tx-surgical excision bone craft, chemo |
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osteoporosis
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• decreased bone density; leads to porous bone
• most frequently postmenopausal women • small boned, morthern european or asian • spontaneous fractures, loss of height • etio-lack of estrogen most common cause tx-calcium, bitamin d, estrogen?, exercise |
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osteomalacia and rickets
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• defective mineralization of bones
• in children, called rickets • etio-deficiency or ineffective use of vitamin d • dx-blood tests, x-rays • tx-vitmin d, calcium, calcitonin, sunlight |
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hallux valgus
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• bunion
• first MTP joint • tx-shoes, meds, surgery |
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hallux rigidus
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• loss of motion in first MTP joint stiffness
• etio-wear and tear |
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Hammer toe
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• toe bends upward like a claw PIP joint
• tx-shoes, sprints, surgery |
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fracture
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• broken bone
• named by type |
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dislocation
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• displacement of bone from its joint
• injury to ligaments and joint capsule |
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• suduxation
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partial dislocation
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Type I
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less than 1 cm, minimal soft tissue injury
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Type II
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more than 1 cm, moderate soft tissue injury
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Type III
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extensive damage to soft tissues including muscle, skin and neurovascular
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Strain
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• muscle (overstretch, overuse_
• acute injury or chronic overuse • first,second, or third degree or grades |
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Sprain
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• partial tear of ligament
• more serious than strain |
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adhesive capsulitis
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• = frozen shoulder: stiffness, pain, decrease in range of motion
• etio-disuse of shoulder, second degree to trauma, scar tissue forms in capsule • tx-increase motion, meds, injection of steroids • shoulder manipulation may require severe conditions |
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shin splints
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• inflammation to periosteum, extensor muscles or surrounding tissues
• etio-increase in exercise, overuse, overpronation • usually bilateral • tx-rest, ice, heat, NSAIDs |
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plantar fasciitis
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• = calcaneal spur syndrom
• plantar fascia, like bowstring, heal to tows on bottom of foot • etio-inflammation of the fascia • pain at heel spur forms • tx-rest, NSAIDs, heel pads, taping foot |
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Ganglion
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• benigh sac-like swelling or cyst
• filled with colorless fluid (synovial) • From joint capsule or tendon sheath • commonly forms on back of wrist • etio-unknown • tx-not always necessary; needle aspiration, cortisone injection, surgery may be needed |
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torn meniscus
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• meniscus = catilage in knee, semilunar shape
• a medial meniscus and a lateral meniscus on each knee • etio-sudden twist, usually related to sports injury • dx-exam MRI • tx-arthroscopy, meniscectomy |
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rotator cuff tear
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• rotator cuff muscles are muscles of the shoulder
• tears may occur in the tendons of these muscles • causes acute pain, unable, to abduct the arm • etio-acute trauma or chronic degenerative changes that occur with aging • tx-conservatic tx or sometimes surgical repair is required (arthroplasty) |