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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Viruses |
Force in evolution Interact w/ genetic material Modify genes or transfer genes Replicate in plants, Protozoa, algae, fungi, animals |
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Viruses not cells |
Obligated intercellular parasites |
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Obligated intercellular parasite |
Requires host cell to reproduce, can survive in environment Most are non-pathogenic and are beneficial |
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Nucleocytoplasmic large (giant) DNA viruses |
Mimivirus, pithovirus sibericum Pandoravirus |
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Animal virus classification |
Baltimore classification- DNA or RNA, location, capsid, envelop |
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Virion structure |
DNA or RNA, single stranded or double stranded, capsid, |
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Bacteriophage life cycle |
Lytic replication Lysogenic replication |
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Lytic replication |
Late of the cell |
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Lysogenic replication |
Integrate into the DNA |
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Lytic replication cycle |
1. Adsorption or attachment 2. Injection of DNA 3. Replication 4. Assembly 5. Release by lysis or lysozyme |
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Adsorption or attachment |
Specific binding to host cell by virus rail fibers |
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Injection of DNA |
Across cell wall; lysozyme breaks cell wall |
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Replication |
Viral genomes, protein virus |
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Assembly |
Maturation or progeny virus |
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Release |
By Lysis or lysozyme |
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Lysogeny |
Phage remains latent Phage DNA incorporates into host cell DNA Lysogenic conversion |
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Animal virus replication |
1. Adsorption or attachment 2. Penetration 3. Disassembly of capsid 4. Replication 5. Assembly 6. Release |
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Animal virus replication adsorption |
Specific binding or fusion |
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Animal virus replication Penetration |
Translocation across the membrane (vesicle) or fusion with host cell membrane or pinocytosis |
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Animal virus replication Disassembly of capsid |
Uncoating, nuclei acid freed |
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Animal virus replication |
Viral genome and proteins made |
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Animal virus replication Assembly |
Maturation of progeny virus |
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Animal virus replication Release |
Budding, lysis |
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Virus replication in host cell |
Virus takes over cell and replicates |
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Virus restrictions |
Host range Productive infection |
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Cytopathic effects |
Lysis/ plaques Inclusion bodies Syncytia |
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Types of viral infections |
Acute Persistent- latent, chronic Transformation- tumor , cancer |
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Persistent latent infections |
No virus detected between episodes, not lytic Herpes virus, HPV Reactive due to changes in immunity |
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Persistent chronic infections |
Virus detected, low level of virus produced Hepatitis virus C&B, HIV, HPV Damage is constantly occurring |
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How virus persist |
1. Evade the immune system 2. DNA integration 3. Hide in the body 4. Shut down the immune response |
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Proto-oncogenes |
Normal genes and normal part of cell cycle Genes turn on the growth of the cell |
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Mutations of proto-oncogenes |
Loss of control can turn into oncogenes |
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Oncogenes |
Cancer causing genes Uncontrolled growth |
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Tumor suppressor proteins |
Prevent uncontrolled growth of DNA damaged cells P53 Apoptosis- cell suicide |
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Class 1 carcinogens viruses |
1.HPV 2. Hepatitis B,C&D virus 3. HTLV- human T Lymphotropic virus 4. Epstein Barr virus |
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Class 1 bacterial virus |
Helicobacter pylori- gastric carcinoma |
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Microbial methods of carcinogenesis |
1. Inhibit apoptosis 2. Enhance oncogenes 3. Bind and inactivate tumor suppressor proteins 4.cause DNA mutation during integration 5. Chronic infections |
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Interferon |
Natural antiviral substance produced by infected cells which prevent replication in adjacent cells, |
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Prion disease |
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Infectious protein Long incubation |
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Kuru disease |
Consumption of prion neural tissue, long incubation, Unsteadiness, shaming, shivering ,death |
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
Genetic or contact with infected tissue (dura graft, corneal transplant, hormones Rare |
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Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) |
Consumption of meat from cows (bovine) mad cow disease Infects multiple lymphoid tissue , travels peripheral nerves to brain causes plaques in brain |
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Papovaviridae DNA virus of animals |
Papilloma virus |
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Poxviridae DNA animal virus |
Skin lesions Enveloped Monkeypox Small pox viruses |
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Hepadnaviridae DNA animal virus |
Hepatitis B |
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Herpesviridae DNA animal virus |
HHV1, HHV2, HHV3, HHV4, HHV 5 |
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Parvoviridae DNA animal virus |
Rash SS Not the same as in dog or cat |
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Picornaviridae RNA animal virus |
Naked, SS Hepatitis A virus |
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Corona RNA animal virus |
MERS, SARS SS, enveloped |
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Toga RNA animal virus |
SS, enveloped, +, Chikungunya |
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Filo RNA animal birusy |
Ebola, SS ,-, enveloped |
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Rhabdoviridae RNA animal virus |
Lyssavirus, SS, -, |
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Reo RNA animal virus |
Rotavirus, DS, naked |
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Flavi RNA animal virus |
West Nile Dengue fever Hepatitis C virus Zika virus SS, +, enveloped |
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Caliciviridae RNA animal virus |
Norovirus - GI |
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Retroviridae RNA animal virus |
Lentivirus (HIV) |