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57 Cards in this Set
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developmental psychologists
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branch of psych that studies phys, cog and social change throughout the lifespan.
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zygotes
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fertilized egg, it enters a 2 week pd of rapid cell division and develops to an embryo
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embryo
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developing human organism from 2 wk-end of 2nd mo
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fetus
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developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth
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teratogens
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agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo of fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
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FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrom
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phys and cog abnormalities caused by prego's heavydrinking. severe cases syntoms include noticible facial misproportions... leading cause of mental retardation
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rooting reflex
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baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek to turn toward the touh, open mouth and search fro nipple
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habituation
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decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to vis. stim their interest wnes and they look away sooner
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maturation
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bio growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
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schema
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concept of framework that orgganizes and interprets info
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assimilate
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interpreting one's nex experiences in terms of one's existing schemas
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accomodate
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adapting one's current understandings (schemas) with the incorporation of new info
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cognition
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all themental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
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Piaget's Stages of Cognative Development
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Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concret Operational and FormalOperational
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sensorimotor stage
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infants know the world mostly in therms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
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object permanance
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the awareness that things continue to exist even when not percieved
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preoperational stage
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child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
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conservation
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theprinciple thatpropertiessuch as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes of form of object
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egocentrism
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in piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking in another's point of view
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theory of mind
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(coined by premack and woodruff) people's ideas about their own and other's mental states-- about their feelings, prerceptionsand thougghts and the behavior these migght predict
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Autism
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a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction and understanding of others' state of mind...extreme male brain
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concrete operational stage
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stage of cog development during which children gain mental capacity that enable them tothink logically about concrete events
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formal operational stage
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stage of cog development wher eppl begin to think logically about abstract concepts
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stranger anxiety
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the fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning by 8 mo of age
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attachment
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an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing the caregiver and showing distance onseparation
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Harlows
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monkeys attachedto blankets, no blankets=distressed. monkeys like cloth moms
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critical period
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an optimal pd shortly after birth when organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produce proper development
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imprinting
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the process by which certain animals form attachments duringg a critical pd very early in life
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temperment
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one's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
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Eric Erikson
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basic trust
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basic trust
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EE sense that world is predictible and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
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self-concept
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sense of i.d. and personal worth(developed at 12)
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parenting styles
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authoritarian (too strit), permissive (too passive) and authoritative (just right)
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adolescense
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transition from kid to adult, extending puberty to independence
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puberty
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pd of sexual maturation during which people become able to reproduce
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primary sex characteristics
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body structures (ovaries, testies and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
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secondary sex characteristics
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non reproductive sexual characteristics (female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair)
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menarche
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first period
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Kohlberg
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development of moral reasoning (conventional guy)
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Preconventional morality
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0-9 morality: of self interest- avoid punishment to gain concrete rewards
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conventional morality
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early teen: cares for others, uphold laws and social rusles simply b/c they're laws/rules
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post conventional morality
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some who develop abstract reasoning: ppl's agreed-upon rights or follows what one person percieves as basic ethical priniples
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social institutionalist
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haidt, moral feelinggs preceed moral reasoningg
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identity
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one's sense of self; accordingg to erikson, the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating verious roles
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intimacy
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EE ability to form close, loving relationships, primary developmental task of alte teenhood and early adulthood
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emerging adulthood
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no longer teens but havent taken adult responsibilities yet
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menopause
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time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
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dementia
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mental ersion
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Alzheimer's disease
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progressive irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual detioration of memory, reasoning, language and finally physical fcn
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prospective memory
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(remember to...) remains strong when events help trigger memories
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cross sectional study
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study in which ppl of different ages are compared with one another
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longitudinal study
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research in which the same people are studied and retested over a long pd of time
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crystallized intelligence
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one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increas with age
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fluid intelligence
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one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly, tnds to decrease duringg late adulthood
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midlife transition
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transition from most life infront of you to most life behind you
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social clock
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the culturally preferred timing of social events (ie. marriage, parent hood and retirement)
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amygdala
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shows diminishing activity to negative events while maintaining responsiveness to positive ones... negative emotions disappear faster than positive ones do
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