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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why is Cell size limited? |
If they were too big it would be harder for nutrients and waste to move in and out of the cell. |
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Cell(Plasma) Membrane |
Separates intracellular compartment from the extracellular compartment. Semipermeable: Allows wastes and nutrients to pass though |
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Nucleus |
Holds DNA Two strands: Chromatin and Chromosomes. |
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DNA |
Genes. Instructions for polypeptides (Protein ) synthesis |
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Cytoplasm |
Between nuclear envelope and cell membrane Composed of Cytosol( Liquid) And organelles. |
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Ribosomes |
Where proteins are built. May be free in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum |
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Rough ER |
Studded with Ribosomes. Makes proteins. |
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Smooth ER |
Makes lipids and carbohydrates. No ribosomes |
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Golgi Apparatus/Complex |
Processes packages and ships itwms made in the ER |
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Mitochondria |
Cell powerhouse Produce ATP |
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Lysosomes |
Cells digestive systems, breaks down material |
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Cytoskeleton |
Filaments/Tubes For support/Attachments to maintain the shape and movement |
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Centrosome |
Made up of 2 centrioles. Directs movement of chromosomes when a cell divides. |
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Cilia |
Hair like structure and moves in waves. To sweep substances over cell surface. |
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Flagellum |
*Sperm only. Whiplike tail, helps sperm swim |
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Integral (transmembrane) Proteins |
Permanently connected to membrane. Hydrophobic. |
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Peripheral Proteins |
Have weaker temporary connections to membrane. |
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Glycocalyx |
On the surface of Animal cells. Carbohydrates portions of membrane and glycoproteins and glcolipids. Enables bacteria to adhere to environmental surfaces. |
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Vesicular Transport |
Transport of large particles or fluid droplets through membrane in bubble like vesicles of plasma membrane |
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Phagocytosis |
Keeps tissues free of debris and infectious microorganisms |
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Pinocytosis |
Cell drinks drops of excellular fluid containing solutes into tiny vesicles. |
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Exocytosis |
Cellular process in which intracellular vesicles in the cytoplasm fuse with the plamsa membrane and secrete their contents in the extracellular compartment |
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Second messenger system |
1) messenger (epinephrine) binds to a surface receptor 2) Recepter activates G protein 3) G protein binds to an enzyme, adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP 4)cAMP activates a kinase in the cytosol. 5)Kinases activates or inactivitates other enzymes triggering physiological changes. |
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Microvilli |
Extension of the Plasma membrane 1-2m Increases surface tension, Absorbs, secretes. |
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Microfilaments |
Cytoskeleton Actin. Forms network on cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane called membrane skeleton. Supports phospholipids and microvilli and produces cell movement |
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Intermediate fibers |
Cytoskeleton Helps hold epethlial cells together, resists stress on cells, lines nuclear envelope, toughens hair and nails. |
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Microtubules |
Cytoskeleton. Hold organelles in place. |
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Mitosis |
Process by which one cell divides into 2 daughter cells with identical copies of DNA
Phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
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Describes tight junctions
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junctions among epithelial cells lining the digestive tract
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Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
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ribosomes
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Under a microscope you view a cell with a very large quantity of lysosomes present. What could this indicate?
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The cell is about to undergo apoptosis.
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apoptosis
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cell death
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What a component of the plasma membrane that creates a chemical barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell?
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phospholipids
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What can we infer if we see a large number of mitochondria in a cell?
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The cell has a great metabolic demand.
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In a patient with severely burned skin, the damaged cells that have lost fluid cannot be properly rehydrated because_________.
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the absence of selective permeability allows water molecules that enter these damaged cells to also leave the cytoplasm
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