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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most human cells range from 10-15 micrometers in diameter. What limits how large a cell can be? |
The relationship between its volume and surface area. |
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The fluid outside of a cell is called |
extracellular fluid |
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The flat shaped cells found covering the skin are? |
Squamous |
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What are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane? |
Phospholipids |
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A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones. That is to say, the receptor exhibits? |
Specificity |
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In its second -messanger role, cAMP activates enzymes called__, whose job is to regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them. |
Kinases |
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Transmembrane proteins that make up enzymes in the plasma membrane are made up of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Most amino acids embedded in the membranes are___, while most amino acids facing the extracellular fluid are___. |
hydrophobic, hydrophilic |
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Gates respond to all these stimuli except |
Water in the extracellular fluid |
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__act like identification tags in the glycocalyx that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells. |
Glycoproteins |
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__provide motility to a cell, __act as a sensory antenna in many cells, and __increase a cell's surface area. |
Flagella, cilia, microvilli |
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Cells lining the sm. intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients. Their plasma membrane has |
microvilli |
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Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. If solution A has a higher concentration of a non permeating solute than B then, |
water will pass downits concentration gradient from B to A |
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__is the process in which ___forces water & small solutes such as salts through narrow clefts between capillary cells. |
Filtration; hydrostatic pressure |
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Water flows through a selectivity permeable membrane in a process called___, but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called.... |
Osmosis; aquaporins |
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Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell. The carrier protein is a___ and the process is called___. |
symport; cotransport |
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The sodium-potassium pump transports both na and K___ their concetration gradients in a process called_. |
Up; active transport |
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__describes the number of partilces of a solute in a solution, whereas___is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell |
Osmolarity; tonicity |
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Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell? |
active transport |
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Particles can leave a cell by any of these means except by |
Pinocytosis |
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White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of |
phagocytosis |
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A patient was severly dehydrated, losing a lg amt of fluid. The pt was given an iv of nss. NSS is__ to your blood cells and is about__NaCl |
isotonic; 0.9% |
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These are all membranous organelles except |
ribosomes |
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What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? |
protein synthesis |
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Muscle cells contain numerous___to serve their high demand for ATP. |
mitochondria |
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___synthesize(s) carbohydrates and put(s) finishing touches on proteins synthesized at___. |
The golgi complex; rough ER |