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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reconstruction |
The period of time after the Civil War in which southern states were rebuilt and brought back into the Union. |
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Thirteenth Amendment |
A change to the Constitution ratified in 1865 abolishing slavery in the United States. |
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Freedmen's Bureau |
An agency established by Congress at the end of the Civil War to help and protect newly freed black Americans. |
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black codes |
Laws passed in 1855 and 1856 in the former Confederate states to limit the rights and freedoms of African Americans. |
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civil rights |
The rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all people as citizens especially equal treatment under the law. |
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Fourteenth Amendment |
A change to the Constitution ratified in 1868 granting citizenship to anyone born int he US and guaranteeing all citizens equal protection of law. |
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Fifteenth Amendment |
A change to the Constitution ratified in 1870 declaring that states cannot deny anyone the right to vote because of race or color or because the person was once a slave. |
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Jim Crow Laws |
Laws enforcing segregation of blacks and whites in the South after the Civil War. |
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What did Americans long for by the end of the Civil War? |
Peace |
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How did President Abraham Lincoln want the South to be treated? |
With kindness and justice. |
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Who became president when Lincoln was killed? |
Andrew Johnson |
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What did Reconstruction mean to President Johnson? |
The southern states had to create new governments loyal to the Union and had to abolish slavery. |
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What did a former Confederate state have to do in order to rejoin the Union? |
Write a new state constitution, elect a new state government, repeal its act of secession, and cancel its war debts. |
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Additionally, what did every southern state have to ratify? |
The 13th Amendment |
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What did the 13th Amendment do? |
Abolished slavery in the US |
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What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau? |
It was created to assist former slaves. |
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How would the Freedmen's Bureau assist former slaves? |
It would arrange for wages and good working conditions as well as ensure education. |
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Why were Black Codes put into effect? |
To control former slaves. |
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What did the Black Codes do? |
Limited the rights of freedmen, help planters find replacements for their slaves, and keep freedmen at the bottom of the social order in the South. |
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What did the 14th Amendment do? |
The 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born in the US. |
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How did President Johnson feel about the 14th Amendment? |
He was opposed to it. |
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What did Military Reconstruction do? |
It divided the South into 5 military districts. |
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What was the structure of the government in these military districts? |
These districts would form legal state governments made up of Southerners loyal to the US. |
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What group of people made up the South's largest group of new voters? |
African Americans |
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What party did most of these African Americans join? |
The Republican Party |
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What did the 15th amendment guarantee? |
Every male citizen was guaranteed the right to vote. |
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How did most whites in the South feel about the Southern Reconstruction Governments? |
They resented them. They didn't like seeing former slaves voting or holding public office. |
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What was done to help white democrats regain power? |
Secret societies were formed. |
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What is an example of one of these secret societies? |
The Ku Klux Klan |
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What did Congress do to help combat violence against African Americans? |
Congress passed the Enforcement Acts which made it illegal to prevent another person from voting. |
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What was the effect of a poll tax being implemented? |
Voting became a luxury that many blacks could not afford. |
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What were the acts called that reversed the outlawing of segregation by drawing a color line between blacks and whites? |
Jim Crow Laws |
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What was the finding in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896? |
The Supreme Court decided that segregation laws did not violate the 14th amendment as long as facilities available to both races were roughly equal. |
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How did many African Americans respond to segregation? |
Many left the South. |
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What were they pulled by? |
The lure of better opportunities and more equal treatment. |
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Most African Americans remained in the South. What did they do to make the best of their situation? |
They worked hard in their families, churches, and to build communities. |