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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Innate Immunity
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defenses that are present at birht, no memory response.
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Adaptive immunity
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based on a specific response to a specific microbe has breached the innate immunity defenses.
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1st line of defense
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intact skin, mucous membranes, normal microbiota, pyhsical & chemical factors,
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2nd line of defense
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WBC-phagocytes, inflammaion, fever, antimicrobial substance, complement interferon
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Specific defense 3rd line of defense
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1. resistance 2nd contact faster
2. better response(memory cells) T&B lymphocyte activation memory cells |
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Dermis
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skins inner portion compsed of connective tissue
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Epidermis
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outer, thinner portion , direct contact with the exteral environment
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Keratin
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top layer of epidermal cells is dead and contains a protective protien
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Sebum
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chemical factor- prevents hair from drying and becoming brittle. protective film over the surface of the skin
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perspiration
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Chemical factor- contains lysozyme enzyme capable of breaking down call wall of gram +
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commensalism
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one organism uses the body of a larger organism as its pyhiscal environment and may mke use of thebody to obtain nutrients . while the other is unaffected.
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Granulocytes
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2nd line defense- large granules in their cytoplasm that can be seen under a light microscope
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Neutrophiles
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highly phagocytic and motile are active in the inital stages of an infection
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Basophiles
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release histamine important in inflammation and allergic responses
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Eosinophils
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phagocytic and also have the ability to leave the blood, produce toxic protiens against certain parasites.
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Agranulocyte
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monocytes, dendrtic cellsm lymphocytes
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Monocytes
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not phagocytic til they leave circulating blood, and enter body tissues and mature into macropahges.
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Dendritic cells
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destroy microbes by phagocytosis and to intiate adaptive immunity responses
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Natrual killer cells
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found in the blood and spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow.
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Perforin
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inserts into plasma memebrane of the target cell and creates channels in the membrane.
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Cytolysis
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extacellular fluid flows into the target cell and the cell bursts
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lymphatic system
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cosists of lymph, vessels, stem cells develop into blood cells including lymphocytes. Lymphatic vessels begin as l capillaries located in spaces between cells. lymphatic capillaries permit interstital fluid derived from blood plasma to flow into them but not out.
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Lymphoid tissue
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throughout the mucous membrane that line th GI, Resp, Urniary, and reproductive. Protect against microbes that are ingested or inhaled. tonsils, Peyer's patch in the small intestine
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Chemotaxis
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is the chemical attraction of phagocytes to microorganisms
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Adherence
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is the attachment of the phagocyte's plasma membrane to the surface of the microorganism or the other foreign material
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Opsonization
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microorganisms can be more readily phagocytized if they are fist coated with certain serum protiens that promote attachment of the microorganisms to the phagocyte.
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Ingestion
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the phagocyte extends projections called pseudopods that engulf the microorganisms
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Digestion
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phagosome pinches off from the plasma membrane and enters the cytoplsam
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Inflammation
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second line of defense- redness, painheat and swellin
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Vasodialtaion
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increases blood flow to the damaged area and is responsible for the redness and heat associated with inflammation.
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Increased permeability
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permits defensive substances normally retained in the blood to pass through the walls of the blood vessels and enter the injured area.
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Edema
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accumlation if fluid of inflammation
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Histamine
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vasodialtion, more blood more WBC to area, fluid loss from capillaries increases permability, fluid gain to area
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Fever
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hypothalamus controlled increses metabolic rate of eukarytoic cells & phagocytic cells
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Complement system
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is a defensive ssystem consisting of over 30 protiens produced by the liver and found circulating in blood serum and within tissues throughout the body. Innate immunity response not adaptable and does not change
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Interferons
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Class of similar antiviral protiens by certain animal cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages after viral stimulation. One of the function of the principle functions of interferons is to interfere with viral multiplication. Host cell specific
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