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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Credential Societies
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Employers use diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for a job
Credentials replacing born criteria |
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Acculturation
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The transmission of culture from one generation to the next
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Education
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A group's formal system of teaching knowledge, values, and skills
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Political Socialization
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The way going people would be inculcated with beliefs, ideas, and values and would embrace the civil order
Necessary for developing capitalist and industrial order |
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Manifest Functions
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Intended consequences of people's actions
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Latent Functions
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Unintended consequences of people's actions
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Cultural Transmission
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A function of education
Prices in which schools pass on a society's core values from one generation to the next |
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Individualism
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Forms a that integrally woven into the Canadian educational system
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Competition
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Provide an apt illustration of how schools transmit the core value of being one of the best
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Cultural Transmission of Values (3)
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Individualism
Competition Patriotism |
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Singing O'Canada
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Makes students become aware of the "greater government" and their sense of national identity
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Gatekeeping
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A major function of education
Determining which people will enter what occupations |
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Tracking
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Essential to gatekeeping
Sorting students into different educational programs on the basis of real or perceived abilities Begins in elementary school (advanced math courses) |
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Best Option for the Labour Market?
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Staying in school
Degrees are more employable and will eventually earn higher incomes than highschool diplomas |
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Social Placement
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Functionalist view that gatekeeping sorts people on the basis of merit
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Mainstreaming
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New function of education
Incorporating people with disabilities into regular social activities |
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View of School by Functionalists
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Education is a social institution that performs functions for the benefit of society
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View of School by Conflict Theorists
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School is a tool used by those in dominant positions in society to mainstream their power and keep people in line
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Hidden Curriculum
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Unwritten rules of behaviour and attitudes that are taught in schools in addition to formal curriculum
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Cultural Bias
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Asking children a question while some children have backgrounds more familiar to the topic
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Primary Functions of Bureaucratically Organized Schools According to Conflict Theorists?
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To teach acceptance of hierarchal control, obedience to authority, and acceptance of the rules regardless of their logic or purpose
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Correspondence Principle
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The ways schools reflect the social structure of society
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Characteristics of Society (7)
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1) Capitalism
2) Social Inequality 3) Racial-ethic prejudice 4) Bureaucratic structure of the corporation 5) Need for submissive workers 6) Need for dependable workers 7) Need to maintain armed forces and agents of control |
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Characteristics of Schools (7)
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1) Promote competition
2) Unequal funding of schools, track the poor to job training 3) Make minorities feel inferior, track minorities to job training 4) Provide a model of authority in the classroom 5) Make students submissive, as in the kindergarten boot camp 6) Enforce punctuality in attendance and homework 7) Promote nationalism (to fight for capitalism) |
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
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Coined by Robert Merton
An originally false assumption of what is going to happen that comes true simply because it was predicted |
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Major Problems Facing Canadian Education Today (4) and Solutions
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1) Rising Tide of Mediocrity
2) Cheating and Essay-Writing Mills 3) Grade Inflation, Social Promotion, Functional Illiteracy 4) Violence in Schools Solutions: Retention, safety, standards, and other reforms |
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The Rising Tide of Mediocrity
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Rising illiteracy rates, while decreased drop out rates
Blamed on frail courses, less homework, less term papers, grade inflation, and burnt-out teachers |
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Religion by Durkheim
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Separate the sacred from the profane
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Sacred - Durkheim (Religion)
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Aspects of life having to do with the supernatural that inspire awe, reverence, deep respect, and fear
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Profane - Durkheim (Religion)
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Aspects of everyday life - not concerned with religion
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Defining Elements of Religion (3)
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Durkheim
1) Beliefs that some things are sacred 2) Practices centering around the things considered sacred 3) A moral community resulting from a group's beliefs and practices |
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Moral Community
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Group of people united by their religious practices
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Functions of Religion (8)
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Provides answers to perplexing questions
Enshroud critical events Unite believers into a community that shares values and perspectives Provides guidelines for everyday life, Controls people's behaviours Help people adapt to new environments Provides support from government Occasionally spearheads progressive social and political change |
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Dysfunctions of Religion (2)
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War and religious persecution
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Rituals
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Help unite people in a moral community
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Cosmology
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A unified picture of the world
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The Conflict Perspective
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Examines how religion supports the status quo and helps maintain social inequalities
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Conflict Perspective on Religion (3)
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Opium (oppression) of people
Reflection of social inequalities Legitimation of social inequalities |
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Revisionists
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Those who believe that the basic message of the major religions is liberating
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Reformists
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Advocate revealing the"liberal core"of religious teachings with female imagery and exposing and refusing to accept sexist rituals
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Revolutionaries
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Seek to change the established orthodoxy by importing language, images, and rituals from other traditions
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Rejectionists
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Feminists who judge the traditional teachings as hopelessly sexist and have abandoned them in order to establish a new spiritual tradition
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Postmodernism
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Extols the intrinsic worth of socially contextualized individual experiences, spirituality, and cultural diversity
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Modernization
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The transformation odd traditional societies to industrial societies
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Types of Religious Groups (4)
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Cults
Sects Institutionalized (churches) Ecclesia |
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Cult
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New or different religion with fee followers whose teachings put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion
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Sects
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Larger than a cult, little less intense
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Fundamentalism
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Belief that modernism threatens religion and that the faith as it was originally practices should be restored
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Evangelism
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Active recruitment of new members
practiced by cults and sects |
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Ecclesias
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Government and religion with together to try and shape a society
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Denominations
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"Brand names" within a major religion
Example: Methodism or Reform Judaism |
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Institutionalized Religion
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Highly bureaucratized
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