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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
adhesion |
union of two surfaces normally separate; also, any fibrous gland that connects them. Surgery within the abdomen may result in these from scar tissue. |
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borborygmus |
audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis; they are rumbling, gurgling, and tinkling noises heard when listening with a stethoscope |
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botulism |
an extremely severe type of food poisoning caused by a neurotoxin produced by a bacteria from improperly canned or preserved foods |
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carcinoma |
a malignant tumor |
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celiac disease |
damage to the lining of the small intestine cause by the inability to digest gluten found in wheat, resulting in malabsorption of nutrients and malnutrition if untreated |
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cholelithiasis |
gallstones; hardened cholesterol stones formed from bile crystallization |
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cirrhosis |
interstitial inflammation of an organ, particularly the liver; loss of normal architecture, with fibrosis and nodular regeneration |
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colitis |
inflammation of the colon, ulcerative or spastic |
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cryptitis |
inflammation of a crypt, especially the anal crypt |
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dysentery |
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stools; most commonly associated with bacterial or parasitic infection |
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emaciation |
excessive leanness cause by disease or lack of nutrition |
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emesis |
material expelled from stomach during vomiting; vomitus |
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esophageal atresia |
congenital absence of opening between esophagus and stomach |
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esophageal varices |
enlarged, incompetent veins in the distal esophagus, usually caused by portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis |
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gastric ulcers |
peptic or duodenal tissue inflammation of the stomach or intestinal linings, with pain and sometimes bleeding from perforation |
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gastritis |
inflammation of the stomach lining |
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gastroenteritis |
inflammation oft he stomach and intestine caused by ingested harmful bacterial toxin, with acute nausea and vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea |
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glossitis
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inflammation of the tongue |
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hepatitis |
inflammation of the liver |
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hernia |
protrusion of a portion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening; many types |
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hiatal |
protrusion of any structure through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
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Hirschsprung's disease |
congenital megacolon resulting from absence of autonomic ganglia in a segment of smooth muscle that normally stimulates peristalsis |
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fecal impaction |
a collection of hardened feces in the rectum or sigmoid colon |
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inguinal |
hernia into the inguinal canal, may be direct or indirect |
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intussusception |
prolapse of a part of the intestine into the lumen of an immediately adjacent part |
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oral leukoplakia |
precancerous lesion in the mouth |
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obesity |
body mass index of > 30 using formula: weight (kg) / height squared (m2) |
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peritonitis |
inflammation of the peritoneal cavity; may be caused by chemical irritation or bacterial invasion |
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phenylketonuria (fen-il-ke'-to-nu-re-ah) (PKU) |
a congenital inability to metabolize phenylalanine, a component of protein |
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polyposis |
the formation of numerous polyps |
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rectocele |
hernia of the rectum through the vaginal floor |
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sialolith |
salivary duct stone |
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anastomosis |
surgical formation of a connection between two parts |
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biopsy |
removal of tissue for microscopic purposes |
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bypass |
a shunt, e.g., a surgically created pathway |
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cheiloplasty |
surgical repair of a lip defect |
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cholecystectomy |
excision of the gallbladder
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choledochoduodenostomy (ko-led'-o-ko-du'-o-de-nos-to-me) |
surgical formation of an opening into the duodenum that connects it with the common bile duct |
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colostomy |
surgical creation of an opening (stoma) between the colon and the body surface
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gastrectomy |
excision of the stomach, may be partial or subtotal |
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herniorrhaphy |
surgical repair of a hernia |
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ileostomy |
surgical creation of an opening into the ileum with a stoma on the abdominal wall |
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laparotomy |
incision through any part of the abdominal wall |
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portacaval shunt |
connection the portal vein and inferior vena cava to bypass a cirrhotic liver |
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vagotomy |
cutting the vagus nerve to reduce stomach stimulation, used to treat an ulcer |
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cholangiography |
x-ray examination of the bile ducts, using a radiopaque dye as a contrast medium |
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) |
using endoscopes to examine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) |
treatment option for gallstones using ultrasound to send shock waves to crush the gallstones, allowing contraction of the gallbladder to remove stone fragments |
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percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) |
a clinical method to examine the bile duct, using a needle to pass directly into the bile duct and inject a contrast medium that can be seen by specialized equipment |
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right hypochondrium/epigastric/left hypochondrium right lumbar/umbilical/left lumbar right inguinal/suprapubic/left inguinal |
Name the 9 divisions of the abdomen
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absorption |
the uptake from the intestine of fluids, solutes, proteins, fasts, and other nutrients into the intestinal wall cells, blood, lymph, or body fluids |
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anabolism |
building up, using nutrients (proteins) for growth and development |
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catabolism |
burning nutrients; breakdown in the presence of oxygen |
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deciduous |
primary (baby) teeth |
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deglutition (de'-glu-ti-shun) |
the act of swallowing |
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eructation |
a unique sound resulting form the body attempting to bring air from the stomach through the mouth |
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mastication |
chewing |
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papillae |
small rough elevations on tongue and roof of mouth; contain taste buds |
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periodontal disease
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a group of inflammatory gum disorders |
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peristalsis |
muscular movement of food and liquid through the GI tract |
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achalasia (ak-al-lay-zee-ah) |
decreased mobility of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus, along with constriction of the muscle between the esophagus and stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
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anasarca |
genearlized massive edema |
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ascites |
abnormal accumulation of (edematous) fluid within the peritoneal cavity |
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buccal |
pertaining to the cheek |
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enteropathy |
disease of the intestine |
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fistula |
an abnormal passage between two internal organs, or leading to the body surface |
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gamma globulins |
substances containing antibodies; provide passive immunity in some people against certain infectious diseases |
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gavage |
forced feeding, especially through a tube passed into the stomach; common for premature infants, people who are unconscious, and those who are critically ill |
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glossal OR lingual |
pertaining to the tongue |
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hyperalimentation |
an intravenous feeding program similar to total parenteral nutrition |
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lavage |
washing out an organ |
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nasogastric (ng) tube |
a soft flexible tube introduced through the nose into the stomach for gavage, lavage, or suction
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nothing per os; no food or fluid by mouth
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NPO |
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parotid |
near the ear |
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peritoneum |
membrane lining abdominal walls and pelvis, body cavities, and surround the contained viscera |
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total parental nutrition |
intensive intravenous feeding most often introduced through a subclavian vein |
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viscera |
a large interior organ in a body cavity, especially the abdomen |
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volvulus |
loop of bowel twisting on itself resulting in bowel obstruction |