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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules called _____, which separate during mitosis. |
sister chromatid(s) |
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After chromosomes condense, the _____ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other. |
centromere(s) |
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During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the _____. |
kinetochore(s) |
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In diving cells, most of the cells growth occurs during ____. |
interphase |
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The ____ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division. |
mitotic spindle(s) |
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During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called ____. |
chromatin |
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In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by ____, when the rest of the cell divides. |
cytokinesis |
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The ____ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis. |
centrosome(s) |
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What is the final result of mitosis in a human? |
Genetically identical somatic cells consisting of 46 chromosomes. |
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Why is it difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase? |
They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands.
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During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes?
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Anaphase
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Metaphase is characterized by _____.
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aligning of chromosomes on the equator
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At which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?
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Prophase
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A cleavage furrow is _____.
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a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei (in animal cells)
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Which of the following is a protein maintained at steady levels throughout the cell cycle that requires cyclin to become catalytically active?
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Cdk |
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The M-phase checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle. If this does not happen, cells would most likely be arrested in ____.
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metaphase |
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Which of the following triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into mitosis?
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MPF |
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Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) is _____.
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an enzyme that attaches phosphate groups to other proteins
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The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of which phase?
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M |
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For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?
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It interferes with rapidly dividing cells. |
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Cells from advanced malignant tumors often have very abnormal chromosomes and an abnormal number of chromosomes. What might explain the association between malignant tumors and chromosomal abnormalities?
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Cell cycle checkpoints are not in place to stop cells with chromosome abnormalities.
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Nucleoli are present during ___.
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interphase |
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Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies ___.
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telophase |
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Chromosomes become visible during _____.
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prophase |
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Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomesduring ___.
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anaphase |
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Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.
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prometaphase |
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body |
-some (soma-) |
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chromosomes |
ploid |
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small |
micro- |
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self |
auto- |
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without, lack of, not |
a- (an-) |
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both, double |
diplo- |
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single |
haplo- |
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color |
chrom- |
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to produce |
-gen- |
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same |
homo- (homeo-) |
|
berfore |
pro- |
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cell |
-cyte (cyto-) |
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thread |
mito- |
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one |
uni- |
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many |
multi- |
|
moving |
kin- (kinet-) |
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segment, body section |
-mere |
|
end |
telo- |
|
two |
bi- |
|
between |
inter- |