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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social Control |
refers to the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behaviour in any society. |
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Conformity |
- Going along with peers - meaning that individuals of our own status, who have no special right to direct our behaviour. |
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Obedience |
- in compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure |
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What did Blanchard et al. (1991) found in their experiments? |
Social control (through the process of conformity) influenced people's attitudes, or at least the expression of those attitudes. |
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What did Milgram note after his experiment of the participants applying shocks to a subject? |
Milgram pointed out that we are accustomed to submitting to impersonal authority figures whose status is indicated by a title (professor, lieutenant, doctor) or by a uniform. |
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Informal Social Control |
-people use this term to casually enforce norms - ie parents spanking to their children to teach a lesson |
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Formal Social Control |
- A term that is carried out by authorized agents (ie police officers, school administrators, employers). - ie results in punishments like prisons and fines |
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Control theory |
This theory suggests that our connection to members of society leads to us to systematically conform to society's norms |
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Deviance |
- a behaviour that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society - ie; Alcoholics, compulsive gamblers, and people with mental illnesses would all be classified as deviants in Canada |
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Stigma |
- describes the labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups - ie. short people, red heads |
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Functionalist Perspectives on Deviance |
- sees deviance a common part of human existences with positives and negatives. and that it helps define the limits of proper behaviour |
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Functionalist Perspectives on Deviance; Durkheim POV |
- deviance help define acceptable behaviours - also use Anomie; higher rates of crime are profound in social change like in times of economic collapse. |
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Merton's Theory of Deviance |
- the important cultural goal in capitalist societies are success, measured largely in terms of money |
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Merton's Anomie theory of deviance |
Robert Merton's theory explains deviance as an adoption either of socially prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment or both |
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Interactionist Perspective on Deviance |
- emphasis on everyday behaviour - cultural transmission and routine activities theory |
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Cultural Transmission |
- emphasizes that a person learns criminal behaviour through interactions with others. |
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Differential Association |
- Describes the process through which exposure to attitudes favourable to criminal acts leads to violation rules. - also applies to non-criminal deviant like lying to a friend, sitting down in a singing of a national anthem |
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Routine activities theory |
- contends that criminal victimisation is increased when motivated offenders and suitable targets converge. - ie you can't have car thieves without automobiles |
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Labelling Theory |
explains why certain people are viewed as deviants, delinquents, "bad kids," "losers," and criminals, while others whose behaviour is similar are not seen in such harsh terms. |
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Societal-reaction approach |
reminds us that the response to an act and not the behaviour itself that determines the deviance
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Social Constructionist perspective |
- deviance is the product of the culture we live in. - these sociologists focus on the decision-making process that creates the deviant identity |
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Conflict Perspective on Labeling Theory |
- Contends that the entire criminal justice system of Canada treats suspects differently on the basis of their racial, ethnic, or social class background - Agents of social control can impose their own self-serving definitions of deviance on the general public |
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Crime |
A violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties |
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Professional Crime |
a person who pursues crime as a day to day occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certain degree of status among other criminals . |
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Organized crime |
a work of a group that regulates relations among various criminal enterprises involved in the smuggling and sale of drugs and other illegal activities |
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white-collar crime |
illegal acts committed in the course of business activities, often by affluent, "respectable" people. |
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Victimless Crimes |
describe as the willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services |
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Victimization surveys |
question ordinary people, not police officers, o learn how much crime occurs. |
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transnational crime |
it is a crime that occurs across multiple national borders |