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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Early speech stage in which the child speaks like a telegram, usually mosty nounds and verbs
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Telegraphic Speech
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A rule of thumb for judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular, or match marticular prototypes
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Representativeness Heuristic
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The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
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Cognition
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A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people
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Concept
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A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category
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Prototype
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A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarentees solving a partciular problem
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Algorithm
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A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently
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Heuristic
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A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions
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Insight
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A tendency to search for information thast confirm's one preconceptions
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Confirmating Bias
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Inability to see a problem from a new perspective, an impediment to problem solving
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Fixation
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Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
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Mental set
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Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions, an impediment to problem solving
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Functional Fixedness
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Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common
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Availability Heuristic
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Tendency to be more confident that correct - to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgements
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Overconfidence
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The way an issue is posed; how can issue is framed can significantly effect decisions and judgements
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Framing
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Tendency for one 's pre-existing beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometime sby making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid
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Belief bias
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Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
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Belief perserverence
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Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
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Language
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In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (example: prefix)
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Phoneme
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In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
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Morpheme
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In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
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Grammar
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The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also the study of meaning
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Semantic
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The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
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Syntax
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Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
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Babbling Stage
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Stage in speech development from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
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One-word stage
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Beginning at about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly 2 word statements
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Two-word stage
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Whort's hypothesis that language determines the way we think language imposes different concepts of reality
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Linguistic determinism
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