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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Appellate court |
A court that is empowered to rehear cases originatingin a trial court |
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Bureau of justice statistics |
The mission of BJS is to collect, analyze, publish, disseminate information on crime, criminal offenders , victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. |
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Code |
A comprehensive set of laws arranged by subject |
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Common law |
The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States; realize heavily on judicial decision. |
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Congress of the United States |
The Legislative branch of the United States government, composed of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S Senate Petition constitution constitution |
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Constitution |
A body of fundamental principles by which a nation or state governed. |
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Criminal code |
A portion of the United States code or the code of an individual state that deals with criminal law. |
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Decisions (Courts) |
The written opinions of appellate courts that have the force of law in common law countries like the United States |
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Dual court system |
A term describing the American governmental structure characterized by having both state courts and federal courts. |
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Dual federalism |
A system of government like that of the United States where there are both national and state governments. |
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Due process |
The constitutional guarantee that a defendant will receive a fair and impartial treatment by the criminal justice system. |
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Effectiveness |
Carrying out justice system activities with proper regard for equality, proportionality, constitutional protections afforded defendants and convicted offenders, and public safety. |
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Efficiency |
Economically applying available resources to accomplish statutory goals as well as to improve public safety. |
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Executive branch |
The branch of the government tasked with the administration of public affairs, and the enforcement of laws and policies. |
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Fairness |
Justice issues such as assuring equal treatment and handling of like offenders and given equal weight to legally relevant factors and sentencing |
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Federal rules of criminal procedure |
Rules promulgated by the SCOTUS the govern how federal criminal prosecutions are conducted. |
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Hierarchical |
An organizational structure where elements are arranged by rank |
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Infancy defense |
A common law doctrine that very young children were incapable of forming a culpable mental state, and thus were not subject to criminal prosecution. |
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Judicial review |
The power of a Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of legislative in the enactments |
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Judiciary |
The court system of the country or state; judges taken collectively |
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Juvenile justice |
Elements of the criminal justice system designed to deal with lawbreaking by those who are not old enough to enter the adult system. |
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Legislature |
And elected body, such as Congress, that has the constitutional authority to make the laws. |
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Nonsystem argument |
An argument that the components of the criminal justice system are in conflict and that there is actually no system at all |
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Penal code |
A body of statutes that specify crimes and punishments; more commonly referred to as the substantive criminal law or the criminal code |
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Plea bargain |
A negotiated agreement between the prosecution and the defendant where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser crime than originally charge, or a lesser sentence then can normally be expected if the case goes to trial. |
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Procedural due |
The constitutional idea that the criminal justice system must treat people in a fundamentally fair way |
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SCOTUS |
Supreme Court of the United States |
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System |
A group of interrelated parts that work together to accomplish a common set of objectives |
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Three branches of government |
The three branches of the American government established by the constitution are the executive, legislative, judicial branches |
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Trial court |
A court having original jurisdiction in a criminal matter as opposed to an appellate court |
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Unconstitutional |
Not in accordance with the provisions of the constitution of the United States or the Constitution of a particular state. |
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United States Supreme Court |
The highest court in the United States; composed of eight associate justices and one Chief Justice. |