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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chemical bond
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mutual electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together
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ionic bonding
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chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions
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covalent bonding
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bonding that results from the sharing of electrons pairs between two atoms
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nonpolar-covalent bond
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bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balaced distrubution of electrical charge
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polar
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an uneven distribution of electrical charge
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polar-covalent bond
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bonding electrons have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons
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molecule
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a neutral group of atoms that are held together by a colvent bond
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molecular compound
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a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules
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chemical formula
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indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts
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molecular formula
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shows the types and number of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound
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bond energy
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the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms
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electron-dot notation
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is an electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom are shown by dots placed around the elements's symbol
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Lewis structure
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formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes b/t two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons
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structural formula
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indicates the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared pairs of the atoms in a molecule
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single bond
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a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
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multiple bond
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double and triple bonds
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resonance
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bonding in molecules or ions that connot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure
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ionic compound
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composed of (+) and (-) ions that are combined so that the numbers of (+) and (-) charges are equal
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formula unit
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the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound's formula can be established
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lattice energy
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the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions
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polyatomic ion
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a charged group of covalently bonded atoms
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metallic bond
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bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons
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malleability
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the ability of a substance to be hammered or beated into thin sheets
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ductility
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the ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire.
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VESPR theory
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states that repulsion b/t the sets of balance-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible
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hybridization
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mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atoms to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies
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hybrid orbitals
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orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom
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dipole
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created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance
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hydrogen bonding
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intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule
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London dispersion forces
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intermolecular attrations resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles
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