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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Osteoporosis |
A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function |
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Osteoblast |
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone |
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Compact bone |
bone tissue adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress |
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Yellow bone marrow |
____ contains a large percentage of fat |
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diaphysis |
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ____ |
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Diploe |
the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones |
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Osteoporosis |
Drinking fluoridated water is a factor in preventing or delaying ___ |
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Ossification of the ends of long bones |
____ is produced by secondary ossification centers |
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Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral and growth factor storage, Blood cell formation, Triglyceride (fat) storage |
Functions of skeletal system: |
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Osteon |
Structural unit of compact bone |
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Periosteum |
Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called ____ |
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osteogenic osteoblasts & osteoclasts |
the inner ___ layer of periosteum consists primarily of ____ |
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Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers |
dense connective tissue that secures the periosteum to the underlying bone |
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blood vessels and nerve fibers |
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ____ |
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small spaces in bone tissue that are holes |
What are Lacunae? |
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Osteocytes |
___ live in Lacunae |
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Appositional Growth |
the process of bones increasing in width |
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irregular |
Vertebrae are considered ___ bones |
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transverse fracture |
A bone fracture perpendicular to the bone's axis: |
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Appositional and Interstitial Growth |
Cartilage grows in two ways: |
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Appositional Growth |
The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage |
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Interstitial Growth |
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix allowing cartilage to grow from within. |
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by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis |
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ___ |
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Spongy Bones |
______ are made up of a framework called trabeculae |
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Osteogenesis |
The process of bone formation |
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infancy and childhood |
Growth Hormone is important for bone growth during ______ |
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calcium, phosphate, vitamin D |
Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of _____, ______, and _______ |
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Greenstick |
Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?
Compression Greenstick Comminuted Spiral |
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pain in a bone |
Ostealgia |
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An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue |
What is necessary for Intramembranous Ossification to take place? |
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Parathyroid Hormone |
Increases Osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the blood stream |
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40 |
The universal loss of mass in skeleton begins about the age of ___ |
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reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization |
The universal loss of mass in the skeleton ___ |
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Hyaline Cartilage |
tissue that is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo: |
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Insterstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates |
Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ____ |
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the epiphyseal plate of long bones closing too early |
Elevated levels of sex hormone might cause what in children? |
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A deficiency of growth hormone |
Decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage is caused by what during bone formation? |
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Greenstick |
An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children. |
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Comminuted |
Bone fragments into many pieces |
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Spiral |
Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force |
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Osteoclasts |
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix |
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Lamellae |
Layers of bone matrix |
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Osteoblasts |
Cells that can build bony matrix |
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Chondrocytes |
The cells responsible for the early stages of Endochondral Ossification |
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Diaphysis |
The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells |
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the end of bone growth |
What does the appearance of the Epiphyseal Line signal? |
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Epiphyseal Plate |
Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place |
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Long bone |
the radius is an example of ___ |
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Short bone |
Carpals are an example of ___ |
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Sesamoid bone |
Patella is an example of ____ |
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Flat bone |
Scapula is an example of ___ |
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Irregular bone |
Hip bones are an example of ____ |
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Ramus |
a projection that helps to form joints |
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epiphyseal plate |
which structure allows the diaphysis of bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces? |
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Hyaline |
the most abundant skeletal cartilage type |
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within fibrous membrane |
Cranial bones develop ____ |
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Hematopoiesis |
Blood cell formation |
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Sesamoid |
a bone embedded in a tendon |
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Endochondral Ossification |
A long bone forms by a process known as ___ |
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Osteoporosis |
disease of bone where bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving person with thin and fragile bones |
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Organic matrix |
___ matrix contributes to the bone structure and its tensile strength |
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Inorganic Matrix |
____ matrix contributes to hardness and resistance to compression |
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Diaphysis |
____ in long bones has a large medullary cavity |
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Osteomalacia |
Bone formed is poorly mineralized and soft. Deforms on weight bearing |
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Paget's Disease |
Abnormal bone formation and reabsorption |
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Endosteum |
The lining of the marrow cavity |
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Appositional Growth |
matrix is laid down on the surface |
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Hematopoiesis |
the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones |
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FALSE |
compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone T/F? |
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FALSE |
Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function T/F? |
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Osteoid |
the organic part of the matrix of compact bones |
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Hydroxyapatite |
65% of mass of bone is a compound called ___ |
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Osteocytes |
Mature bone cells that are embedded in the matrix |