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10 Cards in this Set
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Nitroglycerin |
Generic Name: nitroglycerin, nitroglycerin translingual, nitroglycerin transdermal, nitroglycerin intravenous, nitroglycerin topical
Trade Name: Nitrostat; Nitrobid; Nitrolingual
Class of Medication: nitrates, vasodilator
Mechanism of Action: Relaxes blood vessels; decreases workload of the heart, Smooth muscle relaxant acting on vascular, bronchial, uterine, and intestinal smooth muscle; dilation of aterioles and veins in the periphery: reduces preload and afterload; decreases the work load of the heart and thereby, myocardialoxygen demand
Dose: 0.4 mg; 1/150 of the grain; every 3 to 5 minutes based on blood pressure; max dose is three in 15 minutes, Nitroglycerine spray: 0.4 mg under the tongue 1-2 sprays
Route(s) of Administration: Sublingual
Indications: Acute angina, chest pain, hypertension, CHF, pulmonary edema
Contraindications: Hypotension, hypovolemia; Baseline BP below 100mm Hg systolic; intracranial bleeding, or head injury; patient has already received max dosage; patient has taken Viagra, Revatio, Levitra, Cialis within the last 24 hours; child
Common Side Effects: Hypotension; headache; syncope, reflex tachycardia, flushing, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, muscle twitching, increased pulse rate;
Precautions: Acute MI, heart failure, monitor, Hypotensive or volume depleted |
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Oral glucose |
Generic Name: Glucose
Trade Name: Glutose ; Insta-glucose
Class of Medication: Hyperglycemic
Mechanism of Action: Increases blood and brain sugar levels, provides quickly absorbed glucose to increase blood glucose levels
Dose: One tube 15g
Route(s) of Administration: Oral, buccal; Placed upon the pressure between cheek and gum and allow to dissolve in mouth
Indications: Hypoglycemia; Patients with altered mental status and known history of diabetes
Contraindications: Unconscious; unable to swallow, Hyperglycemia; nausea, vomiting
Common Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting
Precautions: Unconsciousness |
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Epinephrine |
Generic Name: Epinephrine
Trade Name: Adrenaline; Epipen
Class of Medication: Sympathomimetic, Dilates bronchioles; constrict blood vessels
Mechanism of Action: Direct-acting alpha- and beta-agonist. Alpha: vasco constriction. Beta-1 positive inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotrophic effects. Beta-2 bronchial relaxes smooth muscles to improve breathing, stimulates heartbeat, reverses swelling and hives, Mimics response of sympathetic nervous system, constricts blood vessels to improve BP
Dose: For an adult, 0.3 mg to 0.5 mg (1 mL of 1000), child .15 mg
Route(s) of Administration: Autoinjector; intramuscular
Indications: Patient exhibits signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, including either respiratory distress or shock, anaphylaxis, asthma
Contraindications: None is used in a life-threatening anaphylaxis, Hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock.
Common Side Effects: Increased heart rate; pallor; dizziness; chest pain; headache; nausea or vomiting; excitability; anxiety
Precautions: Potentiates other sympathomimetics, MAOIs may potentiate effects, beta blockers may blunt effects |
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Activated charcoal |
Generic Name: charcoal; activated charcoal
Trade Name: Superchar; Insta char; liquidchar; Actidose
Class of Medication: poison antidote
Mechanism of Action: Binds with poisons in the stomache and prevents absorption into the body
Dose: 0.5-1 gm for Adult, 0.6-2 gm
Route(s) of Administration: Orally
Indications: Poisoning by mouth
Contraindications: Altered mental status; ingestion of acids are alkaline's; unable to swallow
Common Side Effects: Black stools; constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
Precautions: use with caution if decreased LOC (ensure airway is protected) |
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Oxygen |
Generic Name: Oxygen
Trade Name: Oxygen
Class of Medication: Naturally occuring atmospheric gas
Mechanism of Action: Reverses hypoxemia
Dose: Adult and pediatric 1-6 lpm nasal canula, 10-15 lpm non-rebreather, 15 lpm bag valve mask
Route(s) of Administration: Inhalation
Indications: Hypoxia or anticipated hypoxia, or in any medical or trauma patient to improve respiratory efficiency; ischemic chest pain, respiratory insufficiency, prophylactically during air transport, confirmed or suspected carbon monoxide poisoning, all other causes of decreased tissue oxygenation, decreased level of consciousness
Contraindications: Certain patients with COPD or emphysema who will not tolerate oxygen concentrations over 35%, hyperventilation
Common Side Effects: Decreased level of consciousness and respiratory depression in patients with chronic carbon dioxide retention
Precautions: Oxygen is a safe gas as it is used properly |
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glucagon |
Generic Name: GLUCAGON
Trade Name: Glucagon
Class of Medication: Hyperglycemic agent, pancreatic hormone, insulin antagonist
Mechanism of Action: Increases blood glucose level by stimulating glycogenesis. Unknown mechanism of stabilizing cardiac rythm in beta blocker overdose. Minimal positive inotropic and chronotropic response. Decreases GI motility and secretions.
Dose: Adult Hypoglycemia 0.5-1 mg IM, Pediatric Hypoglycemia 0.5-1 mg IM
Route(s) of Administration: IM
Indications: Altered level of consciousness when hypoglycemia is suspected. May be used as inotropic agent in beta blocker overdose.
Contraindications: Hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity
Common Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension
Precautions: Incompatible is solutions with most other substances. No significant drug interactions with other emergency medications. |
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D50 (50% Dextrose in water) |
Generic Name: Dextrose 50%, D50
Trade Name: Dextrose 50%, D50
Class of Medication: Carbohydrate, hypertonic solution
Mechanism of Action: Rapidly increases serum glucose levels. Short-term osmotic diuresis.
Dose: Adult 12.5-25g Pediatric 0.5-1
Route(s) of Administration: IV, IO
Indications: Hypoglycemia, altered level of consciousness, coma of unknown etiology, seizure of unknown etiology, status epilepticus.
Contraindications: Intracranial hemorrhage
Common Side Effects: Extravasation leads to tissue necrosis. Warmth, pain, burning, thrombophlebitis, rhabdomyolysis, hyperglycemia.
Precautions: Use with caution in patients with increasing ICP the added glucose may worsen the cerebrial edema. Consider blood glucose monitoring before and after administration. |
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IV Crystalloids (normal saline and lactated ringer's) |
Generic Name: sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride and calcium chloride;
Trade Name: Lactated Ringer's Solution; Normal Saline Solution; 0.9% Sodium Chloride Solution
Class of Medication: Isotonic crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action: replaces water and electrolytes
Dose: The specific situation being treated will dictate the rate in which IV Crystalloids will be administered.
Route(s) of Administration: IV
Indications: Hypovolemic shock; Heat related problems; freshwater drowning; hypovolemia; diabetic ketoacidosis
Contraindications: Should not be used in patients with congestive heart failure or renal failure
Common Side Effects: rare in therapeutic dosages
Precautions: few in emergency situations |
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albuterol sulfate (nebulized) |
Generic Name: albuterol inhalation
Trade Name: AccuNeb, Albuteral, ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, Proventil HFA
Class of Medication: Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
Mechanism of Action: Beta-2 agonist that stimulates adrenergic receptors of the sympathomimetic nervous system. Causes smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature.
Dose: Adult 2.5 mg, Dilute 0.5 mL of 0.5 % solution for inhalation with 2.5 mL normal saline in nebulizer. Pediatric 0.01-0.03 mL (0.05-0.15 mg diluted in 2 mL of 0.9% normal saline)
Route(s) of Administration: Inhalation
Indications: Treatment of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease.
Contraindications: known prior hypersensitivity reactions to albuterol. Tachycardia arrhythmias, especially those caused by digitalis. Synergistic with other sympathomimetics.
Common Side Effects: Restlessness, tremors, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, peripheral vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia, increased blood pressure, and paradoxical bronchospasm.
Precautions: May potentiate hypokalemia in some patients. |
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ipratromium bromide |
Generic Name: ipratropium bromide
Trade Name: Atrovent, Apovent, Ipraxa, Aerovent, Rinatec
Class of Medication: bronchodilator
Mechanism of Action: anticholinergic agent, It blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Dose: 2.5 mL which is 1 unit
Route(s) of Administration: Inhalation
Indications: bronchospasm associated with COPD, and chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Contraindications: known or suspected cases of hypersensitivity to ipratropium bromide, or to atropine and it's derivatives
Common Side Effects: dry mouth, nausea, headache, dizziness, heartburn, constipation, urination issues. Some can be serious like rash, hives, itching, swelling of the eyes, face, lips, toungue, throat, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs. Hoarseness, difficulty breathing, fast heartbeat, and chest pain.
Precautions: use with caution in patients with narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck obstruction |