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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a single gene contributed by one parent for any particular characteristic
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allele
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a procedure of extracting amniotic fluid from the uterus using a needle and ultrasound or CT scan guidance
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amniocentesis
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fluid produced by the filtration of maternal and fetal blood through blood vessels in the placenta and by excretion of fetal urine into the amniotic sac
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amniotic fluid
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the placenta and membranes that surround and protect the developing membranes
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amniotic membranes
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the sac formed from the amniotic membranes that surround and protect the developing embryo
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amniotic sac
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a pouch in the vas deferens at the prostate gland
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ampulla
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the posterior triangle of the perineum that contains the anal opening
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anal triangle
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the pigmented ring around the nipple in the breast
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areola
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glands that produce secretions that protect the nipple and areola during nursing
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areolar glands
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a type of chromosome that carries genes that code for numerous body proteins in both sexes
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autosomes
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cancer in one of both breasts
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breast cancer
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structures that contain the organs of milk production
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breasts
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one of several ligaments that support the uterus
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broad ligament
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the area of the corpus spongiosum that expands at the base of the penis
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bulb of the penis
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glands located on either side of the prostate gland that produce some of the secretions that become part of semen
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bulbourethral glands
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an autosomal-recessive condition with only one abnormal allele and no disease state that could be passed on if the carrier mates with another carrier
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carrier state
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a continuation of the uterine canal that opens at the tip of the cervix
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cervical canal
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the part of the uterus that extends into the vagina
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cervix
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protein matter in which chromosomes are contained within a cell
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chromatin
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the portion in the nucleus of each cell on which genetic material is carried
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chromosome
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hairs on cell surfaces that aid in movement and transport
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cilia
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surgical removal of the foreskin of the glans of the penis
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circumcision
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located in the anterior margin of the vestibule, it contains erectile tissue that becomes engorged with blood as a result of sexual excitement
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clitoris
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the erectile tissue found in the clitoris and penis
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corpus cavernosus
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the remnants of an unfertilized graafian follicle that hormonal changes allow to be sloughed during menstruation
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corpus luteum
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erectile tissue that surrounds the male urethra
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corpus spongiosum
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the muscle that contracts and pulls the testicles close to the body during cold weather
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cremaster muscle
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area at the base of the penis formed by the expanded corpora cavernosa
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crus of the penis
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a layer of cutaneous muscle within the scrotum that contracts during cold weather, causing the skin to become firm and winkled
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dartos muscle
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nucleic acid that carries the genetic code; sets of thousands of different genes that code for proteins that carry out various body functions
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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the total number of chromosomes (46) in a mature human cell
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diploid
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the implantation of an oocyte at a location other than the normal intrauterine site, usually the fallopian tube
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ectopic pregnancy
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the pathway by which spermatozoa leave the testes
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efferent ductile
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a pair of ducts formed by the junction of the ampulla and vas deferens
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ejaculatory duct
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a fertilized egg
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embryo
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the inner group of cells within a zygote that develops to become the embryo
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embryoblast
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the period of gestation between weeks 3 and 8 in which all major organ systems begin to develop
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embryonic period
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the innermost layer of the uterine wall, which is further divided into the deep basal layer and the functional layer
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epididymis
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a hormone released by the ovaries that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle
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estrogen
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the two hollow tubes or ducts that extend from the uterus to the region of the ovary and serve as a passage for the ova and sperm
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fallopian tubes
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a device used for listening to fetal heart tones
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fetoscope
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long thin finger-like processes at the end of the fallopian tube that surrounds the ostium
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fimbriae
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a hormone released from the pituitary gland at roughly monthly intervals that help to stimulate one oocyte to undergo meiosis
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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an opening in the wall between the right and left atria through which fetal circulation occurs
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foramen ovale
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a loose fold of skin that covers the glans of the penis
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foreskin
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the top portion of the uterus
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fundus
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sex cell that contains one half of the total chromosome complement of the mature cell
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gamete
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the fundamental units of heredity that store and release information on how to build and control cells
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genes
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the medical process of advising capsules of the possibility that certain inherited diseases may develop in their child
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genetic counseling
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diseases that develop as a result of an abnormality in a gene
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genetic disease
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the study of heredity
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genetics
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chromosomal contents
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genomes
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the genetic composition for a given trait
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genotype
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the process of fetal development following fertilization
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gestation
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the portion of the corpus spongiosum that extends to for a cap over the tip of the penis
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glans
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a hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle
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gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
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a mature or developed ovum
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graafian follicle
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the passing of traits and qualities from parents to offspring primarily through DNA or RNA
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heredity
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number of chromosomes (23) carried on each sex cell
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haploid
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an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
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heterozygous
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similar chromosomes in a pair, each acquired from a different parent
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homologous chromosomes
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an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
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homozygous
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a hormone that stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone during the 8 weeks of gestation
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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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the thin mucous membrane that covers the vaginal opening
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hymen
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the space formed in the peritoneum by the distal end of the fallopian tubes
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infundibulum
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the canal through which the spermatic cord passes through the inferior abdominal wall and into the abdominal cavity
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inguinal canal
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two prominent, rounded folds of skin lateral to the labia minora of the female external genitalia
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labia majora
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a pair of skin folds in the female external genitalia that border the vestibule
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labia minora
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the area in the mammary glands in which milk is stored
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lactiferous sinus
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a hormone released from the pituitary gland at roughly monthly intervals that help to stimulate one oocyte to undergo meiosis
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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the organs of milk production in the breasts
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mammary glands
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structures that support the mammary glands and prevent excessive sagging of the breasts
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mammary ligaments
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radiographic screening of the breasts for early detection of cancer
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mammography screening
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the process of cell division that occurs during the formation of a mature ovum or spermatocyte
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meiosis
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the first menstrual cycle
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menarche
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the ending of menses
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menopause
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a cycle lasting approximately 28 days in which physiologic changes occur in the uterus and associated reproductive organs
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menstrual cycle
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the period in the menstrual cycle of sloughing and discharge of the functional layer of the endometrium
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menstruation
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the peritoneal fold that helps to hold the ovaries in place
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mesovarium
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a rounded fat pad over the female pubic symphysis
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mons pubis
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a thick smooth muscle that forms the middle layer of the uterine wall
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myometrium
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an external raised protuberance on the breast surrounded by pigmented areola
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nipple
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one of several acids, such as DNA or RNA, composed of nucleotide chains. these chains store and release information on now to build and control the cells
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nucleic acid
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the precursor to a mature egg
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oocyte
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the maturation process that results in production of an ovum or egg
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oogenesis
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the opening in the infundibulum formed by the fallopian tubes
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ostium
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one of the two ligaments that help to hold the ovaries in place
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ovarian ligament
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the female reproductive organs that produce egg precursors, or oocytes
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ovaries
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the release of a mature ovum into the fallopian tube from the ovary
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ovulation
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the make external reproductive organ through which the urethra passes
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penis
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a serous membrane coating that makes up the outside layer of the uterine wall
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perimetrium
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the are between the urethral opening and the anus
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perineum
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the observable characteristics of an organism that result from genetic composition and environmental factors
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phenotype
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the organ that develops from trophoblastic cells of the zygote and attaches to the endometrium on one side and surrounds the embryo on the other side
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placenta
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the genetic component of a multifactorial disease
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polygenic disease
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a structure in the female external genitalia that is formed where the labia minora unite over the clitoris
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prepuce
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a hormone released from the ovaries that stimulates uterine lining during the menstrual cycle
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progesterone
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a male sex gland that secretes an alkaline viscid ejaculatory fluid
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prostate specific antigen (PSA)
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the female external genitalia, also called the vulva
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pudendum
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nucleic acid made from DNA in the cell's nucleus, it moves to the cytoplasm of the cell where it serves as a template for the production of proteins
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ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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one of several ligaments that supports the uterus
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round ligament
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the pouch of skin and muscles that contains the testes
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scrotum
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a viscid fluid of the male reproductive tract that contains spermatozoa
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semen
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a pair of pouches that secrete a sugar and protein ejaculatory fluid
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seminal vesicles
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the area of the testes where spermatozoa are produced
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seminiferous tubules
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chromosomes that code for proteins that determine sex as well as for other proteins
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sex chromosomes
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disease resulting from defects on either the X or the Y chromosome
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sex-linked disease
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male gametes that are produced in the testicles, also called spermatozoa
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sperm cells
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a cord composed of the testicular artery, venous plexus, lymph vessel, nerves, connective tissue and cremaster muscle
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spermatic cord
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the maturation process resulting in the formation of functional spermatozoa
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spermatogenesis
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male gametes that are produced in the testicles, also called sperm
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spermatozoa
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a liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs
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surfactant
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one of two ligaments that help to hold the ovaries in place
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suspensory ligament
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the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and secrete male hormones
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testes
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the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and secrete male hormones
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testicles
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a painful condition characterized by a testicle that is twisted about the spermatic cord
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testicular torsion
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a male hormone responsible for secondary sexual characteristics
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testosterone
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three segments of time, each made up of approximately three months
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trimesters
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the outer group of cells in a zygote that develop to become the placenta
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trophoblast
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an ectopic pregnancy in which the oocyte has been abnormally implanted within the fallopian tube
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tubal pregnancy
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a special device that uses sound waves to determine the location and shape of internal tissues and organs
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ultrasound
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the connection between the placenta and the fetus
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umbilical cord
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the anterior triangle of the perineum that contains the external genitalia
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urogenital triangle
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one of several ligaments that support the uterus
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uterosacral ligament
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the pear-shaped female reproductive organ located in the middle of the lower abdomen that allows the implantation, growth and nourishment of a fetus during pregnancy
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uterus
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the muscular tube that forms the lower part of the female reproductive tract
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vagina
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nonspecific term for infection within the vagina
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vaginitis
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a duct in the male reproductive system that is contiguous with several structures that together constitute the spermatic cord
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vas deferens
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a form of birth control in which the vas deferens on each side is surgically cut and tied
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vasectomy
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the space into which the vagina and the urethra open
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vestibule
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the female external genitalia also called the pudendum
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vulva
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a fertilized ovum
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zygote
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