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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
accommodation
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creating new schemes or adjust old ones
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assimilation
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using current schemes to interpret the external world
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attachment
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a strong affectional tie we have with a special person. this leads to experience of pleasure and joy along with comfort
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brain plasticity
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the degree to which the brain can be altered by experience
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circular reaction
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stumbles onto new experiences caused by actions
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crying babies
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newborns language development
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empathy
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the ability to understand and share the feelings of another
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expressive language
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talking about feelings/needs
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growth spurts
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double birth weight by 4 months
triple birth weight by 1 year by 24 months avg. 30 lbs and 32-36 |
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holophrase
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a single word that is used to express a complete meaningful thought
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intelligence quotient
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IQ = M.A.÷C.A. × 100
a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a persons cognitive abilities |
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Intermodel perception
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the perception of an object or event that makes information available to two or more sensory systems simultaneously
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I-self
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sense of self as agent - separate from the world
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lateralization
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specialization of different parts of the brain
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long term memory
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the collection of information that is mentally encoded and stored; it is believed to have potentially unlimited capacity and no time limits
size= unlimited time=lifetime recall=poor, worst of the three |
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marasmus
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a form of malnutrition in which individuals are not receiving enough protein or enough calories
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me-self
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sense of self as an object of knowledge and evaluation (what makes self unique)
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object permanence
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objects continue to exist out of child's presence
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overextension
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a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than it is meant to
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psychosocial crisis
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development is lifelong
trust vs mistrust - basic strength is hope autonomy vs shame - basic strength is will |
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referential language
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refer to an object
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reflex
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simple involuntary responses to certain stimuli that have or had adaptive significance
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scheme
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a way of making sense of our experiences
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self regulation
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able to use strategies to adjust our emotional state
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senses at birth
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hearing
vision is least mature at birth see between 4-30 inches binocular vision takes 14 weeks dramatic changes in first 7-8 months |
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sensory memory
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a subconscious process of picking up sensory information- sight, sounds , smells, touch from the environment
a system of memory that registers information from our senses just long enough 1-2 seconds for it to be perceived the info then fades unless it is attended to and passed to working memory |
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sleep patterns
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16-18 hours a day
by 1 yr 80% sleep through night by 2 yes 12-13 hours |
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social smile
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children begin smiling around 6-10 weeks
laughter begins around 3-4 months |
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stranger anxiety
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children become afraid of strangers between 7-12 months
separation anxiety= distress when a familiar caregiver leaves |
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temperament
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a child's emotional and behavioral predispositions
easy child difficult child inhibited child |
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underextension
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when a child acquires a word for a particular thing and fails to extend it to other objects in the same category
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working memory (short term memory)
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conscious short term representations of what a person is actively thinking about a given time
size= 5-7 items time= 30 seconds recall= very good best of the three |
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zone of proximal development
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range of tasks a child can perform with the help of other's
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identify and define key concepts in the sensorimotor stage according to Piaget
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develop schemes through our senses and/ or motor activities (0-2 yrs)
circular reaction goal directed object permanence mental representation |
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circular reaction
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stumbles onto new experiences caused by actions
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goal directed
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coordinating schemes to deliberately solve problems
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mental representation
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internal depictions of information that can be manipulated
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be able to identify and define the key categories of the big five theory
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openness
conscientiousness extroversion agreeableness neuroticism |
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openness
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imaginative, curious, welcomes new experiences
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conscientiousness
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organized, deliberate, conforming
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extroversion
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outgoing, assertive, and active
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agreeableness
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kind, helpful, and easy going
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neuroticism
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anxious, moody, and self critical
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be able to define emotions
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emotions are
a process activated by a stimulus experience a change in physiology experience a change in cognition experience a change in beliefs (judgements) reflected in a change in behavior |
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variables that will have an affect on attachment
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•clear cut attachment is not observed until one observes stranger anxiety
•opportunity for attachment sensitive caregiver (responding promptly) •Interactional synchrony (emotional dance)- a coordinated rapid and smooth exchange of responses between caregiver and infant •infant characteristics (temperament) - big five trait theory family circumstances (stressors) |
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basic emotions
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may experience more than one emotion at any given time
may experience a difference in intensity happy guilt anger sad fear |
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social referencing emotions
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seek information as to how to feel by trusted people
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self conscious emotions
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higher order feelings (shame, embarrassment, guilt, envy) occur in middle of second year
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self regulation of emotions
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able to use strategies to adjust our emotional state
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sensory memory
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size= 7-9 items
time= 3-5 seconds recall= so/so, middle of the three |
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information processing
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compares human thinking process to computer analysis of data
recall= remembering item or event in the absence of perceptual support |
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sensorimotor stage 0-2 yrs
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easy child
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40%
quickly establishes regular routines, generally cheerful, adapts easily to new experiences |
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difficult child
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10%
irregular routines slow to accept new experiences reacts negatively |
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inhibited child (slow to warm)
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15%
Inacitve fearful slow to adjust to new experiences low key reactions to stimuli |