Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants?
|
Pterophyta (ferns, whisk tails, horsetails) and Lycophyta (club mosses)
|
|
sporophylls
|
in all ferns and fern allies, leaflike structures of sporophyte that bear spores
|
|
megaphylls
|
large leaves with multiple veins
|
|
microphylls
|
small leaves with one vein
|
|
Does the phylum pterophyta have stomata?
|
Yes and they are able to open and close them unlike bryophytes so regulate gas exchange.
|
|
is the sporophyte of a true fern independent or dependent?
|
independent
|
|
rhizomes
|
underground stems that allow fern sporophytes to grow indefinitely
|
|
stalk function?
|
elevates the blades to promote photosynthesis on the pinnae.
|
|
blade function?
|
carries leaflets and conducts photosynthesis
|
|
pinnae function?
|
leaflets collect sunlight for photosynthesis
|
|
sori
|
groups of sporangia on underside of the fern fronds
|
|
indusium
|
shield-shaped outgrowth of a frond that shields sporangia and, therefore, protects sori
|
|
What does acetone do when you add it to a sori?
|
causes spores of ferns to disperse because it dries them up (spores are dispersed in dry environments)
|
|
protonema
|
first organism produced after spores germinate, later develops into prothallium
|
|
prothallium
|
plant of the gametophyte generation formed from germinating spore; has rhizoids, antheridia, archegonia
|
|
Where do the male/female reproductive structures occur on the prothallium?
|
underside of the the prothallium (but self-fertilization is rare because antheridia and archegonia matrue at different times)
|
|
which matures first, the archegonia or the antheridia?
|
antheridia
|
|
Where are archegonia located on the underside of the prothallium?
|
near cleft of heart-shaped prothallium
|
|
Where does zygote develop?
|
In the archegonium and is dependent on the gametophyte for a little bit before the prothallium is crushed by the growing sporophyte
|
|
fiddlehead
|
the coiled position of a growing sporophyte when its breaking through the soil; unroils to display frond(single leaf)
|
|
Are terrestrial ferns typically homosporous or heterosporous?
|
homosporous (1 gametophyte with both antheridia and archegonia)
|
|
Are aquatic ferns typically homosporous or heterosporous?
|
heterosporous (2 types of gametophytes: 1 is male and has antheridia and 1 is female with archegonia)
|
|
megaspores?
microspores? |
eggs
sperm |
|
What are 2 examples of aquatic ferns?
|
Salvinella and Azolla
|
|
annulus
|
surrounds the sorus and is responsible for opening it when it ripens
|
|
What are the 2 extant species of whisk ferns?
|
Psilotum and Tmesipteris
|
|
What makes Equisetum have a ribbed stem?
|
siliceous deposits in its epidermal cells...used to clean aka scouring rush
|
|
What makes a rhizoid different than a rhizome?
|
Rhizoids are on gametophytes
Rhizomes are on sporophytes |
|
rhizophores
|
runnerlike organ (intermediary between root and stem) found in isoetes(quillwort)
|