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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the three main causes for World War I
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Nationalism
Imperialism Militarism |
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a policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war
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militarism
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a military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding World War I
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Triple Alliance
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Became the ruler of Germany in 1888 when he forced German chancellor Otto van Bismark to resign. He started a tremendous shipbuilding program in the 1890's in an effort to make the German navy equal to Britian's. His efforts at militarism divided Europe into military alliances.
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
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a military alliance between Great Britian, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I
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Triple Entente
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nicknamed the "powder keg" of Europe because of a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes
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Balkns
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heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated in Saraejevo, the capital of Bosnia on June 28, 1914; this assassination set in motion the military alliances of Europe to begin World War I
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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a list of demands that if not met, will lead to serious consequences; Austria demanded an end to all anti-Austrian activity in Serbia, and for Serbia to allow Austrian officials into their country to investigate the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
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Ultimatum
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the nations of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empirethat formed a military alliance and fought together in World War I
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Central Powers
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the nations of Britian, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy that formed a military alliance and fought together in World War I
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Allies
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Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia
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Schlieffen Plan
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in World War I, the region of northern France where the forces of the Allies and central Central Powers battled each other
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Western Front
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German retreat of 60 miles in France that leftthe Schlieffen Plan in ruins and led to a stalemate on the Western Front
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The First Battle of the Marne
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a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battle field
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trench warfare
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in World War I, the region along the German-Russian border where Russians and serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks
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Eastern front
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the Germans launched a massive attack against the French in Feburary 1916; each side lost more than 300,000 men
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Battle of Verdun
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New weapons of World War I
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Poison gas
Machine guns Tanks Airplanes Submarines |
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daring British soldier who led guerill raids against the Turks with the help of the Arabs, and took control of Baghdad, Jerusalem, and Damascus
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Lawrence of Arabia
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the use of submarines to sink without warning any ship (including neutral ships and unarmed passanger liners) found in an enemy's waters
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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a British passanger ship that was sunk on May 7, 1915 leaving 1,198 people dead including 128 U.S. citizens; President Woodrow Wilson protested to the German government in an effort to keep the U.S. neutral
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Lusitania
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an intercepted German message intended for Mexico, which stated Germany would help Mexico re-conquer the land it had lost to the United States if Mexico would ally with Germany; President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany on April 2, 1917
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Zimmermann Note
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a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort
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total war
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the limiting of the amount of goods people cn buy-often imposed by government during wartime, hen goods are in short supply
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rationing
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information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause
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propaganda
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leader of Russia who abdicated his throne on March 15, 1917 when his government was on the brink of collapse
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Czar Nicholas
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communist Russian leader Vladimir Lenin offered a truce to Germany in March 1918 to end war between the two countries; the Russian government was required to surrender lands to Germany that now include Finland, Polnd, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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French commander of the Allied forces in World War I
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Marshall Ferdinand Foch
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an agreement to stop fighting
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armistice
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Big Four
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at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I: Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britian, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy, made most of the major decisions
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a series of proposals in which U.S. President Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I
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Fourteen Points
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the freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live
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self-determination
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he peace treaty signed by Germany and the Allied powers after World war I
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Treaty of Versailles
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an international association formed after World War I with the goal of keeping peace among nations
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League of Nations
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the sole responsibility for World War I was placed on Germany at the Treaty of Versailles, and they were to repay all of the other countries involved for damages caused by the war
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reparations
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New countries created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
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Austria
Hungary Czechoslovakia |
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Former parts of Russia that became independent nations
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Finland
Estonia Latvia Lithuania |
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rejected the Treaty of
Versailles; many Americans felt that the U.S. best chance for peace was to stay out of European affairs; the U.S. worked out a separate peace with Germany and its allies several years later |
United States
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