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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acetylcholine |
Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells |
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Afferent cells |
carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve). |
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Autonomic nervous system |
Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs |
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Axon |
Mircoscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.
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Brainstem |
Posterior portions of the brian that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla oblongata |
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Cauda equine |
collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord |
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Central Nervous System |
The brian and spinal cord |
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Cerebellum |
Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance |
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Cerebral Cortex |
outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain |
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Cerebrospinal fluid CSF |
circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord |
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cerebrum |
Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory |
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Cranial nerves |
twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck |
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Dendrite |
Microscopic branching fibers of a nerve cell that is the first part to recieve the nervous impulses |
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Efferent nerves |
carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve |
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Hypothalamus |
Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland |
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Medulla oblongata |
part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here |
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meninges |
three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
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-plegia |
paralysis (loss or imparment of the ability to move parts of the body) |
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-praxia |
action |
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-lepsy |
seizure |
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-paresis |
weakness |
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-phasia |
speech |
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neur/o |
nerve |
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myel/o |
spinal cord |
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cerebr/o |
cerebrum |
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motor nerves |
carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve |
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myelin sheath |
covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons |
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nerve |
macroscopic cord like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impuslses |
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neurotransmitter |
chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell |
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Parasympathetic nerves |
involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract |
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peripheral nervous system |
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves |
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receptor |
organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. The skin, ears, eyes and taste buds are receptors |
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sciatic nerve |
nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve. |
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Sympathetic nerves |
autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress |
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thalamus |
main relay center of the brain. conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum |
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vagus nerve |
tenth cranial nerve (cranial nerve 5) its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus and stomach. Unlike other cranial nerves, the vagus leaves the head and wonders into the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
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ventricles of the brain |
canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. ventricles are also found in the heart. They are the two lower chambers of the heart |
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
degenerative disorder of motor neurons int the spinal cord and brainstem. |
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lumbar punture |
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for anaysis |
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Electroencephalography (EEG) |
Recording of the electrial activity of the brain |
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) |
Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue. |
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Shingles |
viral infection affecting peripheral nerves |
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Hemorrhagic |
a blood vessel, such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs |
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myasthenia gravis (MG) |
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles |
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Hydrocephalus |
Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain |
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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) |
Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke |
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Cerebral Angiography |
X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material |
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Parkinson Disease |
degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement |
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Tourette Syndrome |
Involuntary spasmodic twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal |