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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gateway Drug
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drug whose use leads to the use of other drugs; alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana
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Cannabis sativa
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biological species name for the variety of hemp plant known as marijuana
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Sinsemilla
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meaning without seeds, this marijuana is made from the buds and flowering tops of females plants and is one of the most potent types
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Hashish
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sticky resin from the female plant flowers, which has an average THC level of 3.6% but can contain as much as 28%
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Subjective euphoric effects
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ongoing social and psychological experiences incurred while intoxicated with marijuana
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Differential association
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process by which individuals become socialized into the perceptions and values of a group
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Amotivational syndrome
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a beliefe that heavy use of marijuana causes a lack of motivation and reduced productivity
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Medical marijuana use
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use of the THC in cannabis as a drug to calm or to relieve symptoms of an illness
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Glaucoma
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potentially blinding eye disease causing continual and increasing intraocular pressure
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Marinol
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FDA approved THC in capsule form
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Altered perceptions
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changes in the interpretation of stimuli resulting from marijuana
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Munchies
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hunger experienced while under the effects of marijuana
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Anandamide
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possible neurotransmitter acting at the marijuana receptor
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Aphrodisiac
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a compound that is believed to be the cause of sexual arousal
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2 Body signs/symptoms of marijuana use
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1. a sweet odor similar to burnt rope in room, clothes, etc.
2. seeds or leaves in pockets or possession |
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2 Mind signs/symptoms of marijuana use
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1. eye drops: for disguising red eyes
2. excessive laughter |
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3 short term dangers of smoking marijuana
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1. impaired memory and ability to learn
2. difficulty thinking and problem solving 3. anxiety attacks or feelings of paranoia |
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California
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-state proposition 215 made medical marijuana legal 10 years ago
-LA has the most dispensaries, although San Francisco has the most per capita |
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Mexico
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-congress passed a law legalizing small amounts of drugs; however, the president never signed it into effect
-but law enforcements tend to look the other way when it comes to small quantities of pot |
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Vancouver
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-know as "Vansterdam" for its leniency
-medical marijuana is legal, and possession of up to 15 grams is a minor offense -tourists can book pot-themed tours |
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3 types of chronic damage caused by marijuana
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1. chromosomal damage
2. cerebral atrophy (shrinking of the brain) 3. lowered capacity of white blood cells to fight disease |
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AOD
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alcohol & other drugs
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Drug prevention
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preventing or decreasing health problems, which includes social and personal problems, caused by drug dependency
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Protective factors
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factors associated with preventing the potential for drug abuse such as self control, parental monitoring, academic competence, anti-drug use policies, and strong neighborhood attachment
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Risk factors
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drug prevention is aimed at reducing risk factors, such as early aggressive behavior, lack of parental super-vision, the lure of gang membership, drug availability, and poverty
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Primary drug prevention programs
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the very broad range of activities aimed at reducing the risk of drug use among nonusers and assurimg continued nonuse
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Secondary drug prevention programs
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targeting at-risk groups, experimenters, and early-abuse populations to reverse the progression of abusive behaviors, similar to "early intervention"
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Tertiary drug prevention programs
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intervention at an advanced stage of drug abuse; basically the same as drug abuse treatment
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Harm reduction model
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a society-wide approach to drug use and/or abuse that focuses on reducing the harm experienced by the drug use and/or abuser as well as the harm to society
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ATOD
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alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs
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Scare tactic approach
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drug prevention information based on emphasizing the extreme negative effects of drug use- scaring the audience of potential and current drug users/abusers into not using drugs
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Information-only awareness model
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assumes that teaching about the harmful effects of drugs will change attitudes about use and abuse
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Attitude change model or affective education model
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assumes that people use drugs because of lack of self-esteem
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Social influences model
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assumes that drug users lack resistance skills
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Ecological or person-in-environment model
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stresses that changes in the environment change people's attitudes about drugs
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The BACCHUS network
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a national and international association of college and university peer education programs focused on alcohol abuse prevention and other related student health and safety issues
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DARE (drug abuse resistance education)
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drug education programs presented in elementary and junior high schools nationwide by police officers
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Drug court
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court designed to focus on treatment programs and options in place of punishment for drug offenses
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Alternative approach
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an approach emphasizing the exploration of positive alternatives to drug abuse, cased on replacing the pleasurable feelings gained from drug abuse with involvement in social and education activities
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Meditation
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a state of consciousness in which there is a constant level of awareness focusing on one object; for example, yoga and Zen Buddhism
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Open meetings
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meetings to which anyone having an interest in attending and witnessing is invited
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Closed meetings
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meetings to which only alcoholics having a serious desire to completely stop drinking are invited
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Minnesota model
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a major model in the treatment of alcohol and drug abuse, involving a month-long stay in an inpatient rehabilitation facility, a multidisciplinary treatment team, systematic assessment, and a formal treatment plan with long - and short - term goals
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Therapeutic community
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drug-free residential settings that use a hierarchial model with treatment stages that reflect increased levels of responsibility
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Agonist
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a type of substance that activates a receptor
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Antagonist
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a drug that blocks another drug from producing its effects
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Any 2 principles established by NIDA for effective addiction treatment
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1. No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals: treatment settings, interventions, and services must be matched up to each individual's particular problems and needs
2. Treatment needs to be readily available: addicts are often uncertain about whether to seek treatment; hence, it is crucial that services be available as soon as an individual decides to seek help for his or her addiction. Opportunities for treatment can be lost if it is not immediately available or is not readily accessible. |
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List of general therapeutic strategies
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Medical detoxification
Out-patient drug-free treatment Short-term residential programs Long-term residential programs Treatment criminal justice |
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Medical detoxification
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-individuals are systematically withdrawn from drugs
-designed to treat the acute physiological effects of detoxification- not the psychological |
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Out-patient drug-free treatment
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-often more suitable for individuals who are employed or have extensive family and/or community support
-intensity varies -groups counseling is emphasized |
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Short-term residential programs
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-provide relatively brief treatment based on a modified 12-step program
-originally designed to treat alcoholism, but now have been used for other addictions -reduced healthcare insurance has resulted in a diminshed number of these programs |
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Long-term residential programs
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-provide care 24 hrs/day, generally in non-hospital settings
-best known is the 'therapeutic community' -typical patient has more severe problems -6-12 months stay, highly structured and can be confrontational focuses on resocialization of the individual |
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Treating criminal justice
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-research has shown that combining drug treatment with criminal justive sanctions can decrease drug use and related crime
-individuals under legal coercion tend to stay in treatment for longer |
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List of specific therapeutic strategies
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Relapse prevention
The Matrix model Supportive-exptressive psychotherapy Individualized drug counseling Motivational enhaced therapy (MET) Community reinforcement approach plus vouchers |
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Relapse prevention
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-based on theory that learning processes play a critical role in the development of maladaptive behavioral patterns
-patients learn to identify and correct problematic behaviors |
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The Matrix model
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-framework for engaging stimulant abusers in treatment with the goal of abstinence
-monitored by urine sampling |
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Supportive-expressive psychotherapy
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-time-limited, focused psychotherapy that has been adapted for heroin and cocaine-addicted individuals
1. supportive techniques to help patients feel comfortable in discussing personal experiences 2. expressive techniques to help patients identify and work through interpersonal relationship issues |
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Individualized drug counseling
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-weekly/biweekly sessions, counselor helps develop coping strategies and tools for achieving na dmaintaining abstinence
-12 step participation often encouraged |
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Motivational Enhanced Therapy (MET)
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-helps clients resolve ambivalence about engaging in treatment and discontinuing drug use
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Community reinforcement approach plus vouchers
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-intensive, 24 week outpatient therapy, used for cocaine addiction
-achieve abstinence long enough for learn life skills -recieve and exchange vouchers of retail value for clean tests |