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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of microscope is best for studying cells in detail?
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Scanning electron microscope
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What feature(s) distinguish bacteria (prokaryotic) cells?
(5 things) |
No nucleus or other organelles
Has a cell wall and DNA is in nuclear region. Has ribosomes Are small Some have flagellum for motion |
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Functions of cell walls?
(3 things) |
Provide protection
Controls what goes in and out of the cell Gives the cell structure and strength |
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What is the purpose of a cell nucleus?
(2 things) |
Controls everything that goes on in a cell
Contains DNA and instructions |
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Scientific method: What type of information do we get when we
interpret data? |
You learn if your hypothesis is correct or incorrect
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How do cells behave in a colony?
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Each cell is independent, but they live together because they benefit from it
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What is chlamydomonas?
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A free-living single-celled alga
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What is a biofilm?
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A colony of cells that produces a jelly-like film for protection
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What is an organism?
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Individual of a species; a single living thing / A group of organ systems working together
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What is an organ?
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A group of tissues that does a job
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How do cells behave in a multicellular organism?
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Cells become specialized, and need other cells to help them. Cannot live by themselves
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What happens when an organism is thicker than a couple of cell layers?
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Requires a transport system to deliver oxygen, etc.
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All organisms are made of...?
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Cells
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Where do all cells come from?
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From other cells
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How does DNA change during cell division?
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DNA coils up and then splits
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What is a tissue?
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A group of cells with a common function and structure / A group of cells that do a job together
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What is the structure of a cell membrane?
(3 things) |
Is two layered and made of phospholipids.
Contains protein doors for proteins that cannot enter or leave. The middle of the protein doors is waterproof Cytoskeleton holds the membrane together |
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What is diffusion?
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A process which involves movement of a substance from a region of its higher concentration to a region of its lower concentration.
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How does diffusion occur?
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By random motion of molecules
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How do concentration gradients of solute affect the flow of water?
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Makes water move. The more concentration gradients, the more water will move. Otherwise known as Osmosis
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What is the difference between passive and active transport?
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Passive transport: Things go in and out on there own
Active transport: Requires energy for things to go in and out |
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Which substances can travel passively?
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Small uncharged molecules (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
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How does facilitated diffusion work?
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Has doorways that go in and out. No energy required
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What is endocytosis?
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The cellular uptake of materials in which the plasma membrane surrounds an engulfs extracellular materials
To bring something in |
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What is exocytosis?
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The release of macromolecules from a cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
To push something out. Uses energy because the cell reshapes itself |
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What are the functions of the cell membrane?
(4 things) |
Forms a barrier from the inside of the cell to the outside
Releases and accepts materials Gives form and shape to the cell May connect one or more cells together |
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What is the behavior of cells in a hypertonic solution?
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Cells lose water to blood, so they become shriveled
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What is the behavior of cells in an isotonic solution?
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Cells are happy, everything is normal
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What is the behavior of cells in a hypotonic solution?
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There is too much water, so the cells grow bigger OR possibly explode
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What provides the energy for active transport?
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ATP
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What is a contractile vacuole?
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A vacuole that will take in any extra water
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What does a contractile vacuole do?
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Pumps excess water out of a cell and is found prominently in freshwater protists.They are found in both plant and animal cells. It pumps the water out from the cytoplasm.
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How do gills work?
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Countercurrent exchange. Water flows in, and forms the countercurrent exchange. The more surface are the gill has, the more oxygen absorbed
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How do lung air sacs (alveoli) work?
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Same principle as gills
Blood goes past water, diffusing it |
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What are the nitrogenous wastes produced by animals?
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Anommia
Urea Uric acid (in pellets) |
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Which type of animal/habitat favors which type of waste?
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Fish produce ammonia
Other animals produce urea And animals in drier climates produce uric acid (in pellets) |
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Function of nucleus and nucleolis?
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The nucleus contains DNA and is the brain of the cell
The nucleolis is a storage for RNA (makes ribosomes) |
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Function of ribosomes?
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Build proteins
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Function of endoplasmic reticulum?
(3 things) |
A series of transport canals
Transports materials like proteins and their building blocks Is folded |
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Function of Golgi apparatus?
(2 things) |
A warehouse for the proteins that have been built
Packages them for storage or export |
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Function of cytoskeleton?
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Framework of the cell
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Function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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Makes more membrane material so the cell can grow
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Function of mitochondria?
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Converts food into energy (ATP)
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Function of vacuoles?
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Storage for food, water, and wastes
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Function of lysosomes?
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Contain digestive enzymes
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Function of centrosomes/centriole?
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Organize the cells for division (in animals)
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Function of cytoplasm?
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The liquid inside our cells
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