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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nuclear envelope |
A membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells |
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Chromatin |
Composed of dna, the material of which the chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms are composed of |
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Chromosome |
Single linear or circular leave of DNA that contains some or all of an organisms genes (X shape) |
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Centromere |
The part of a chromosome that ties together the two chromatids (center of the X) |
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Sister chromatids |
The identical copies (chromatids) formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere |
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Spindle fibers |
A protein structure that depresses the genetic material in a cell (oval shaped with lines and X’s on it) |
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Mitosis |
Cell division type that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind chromosomes as the parent nucleus typical of ordinary tissue growth |
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Where does mitosis take place and what is it used for |
Cell division takes place in body cells and is used for growth, repair, and a type of asexual reproduction in some organisms |
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Interphase |
The longest phase of the cell cycle in which the well will grow larger and replicate its DNA to prepare for cell division |
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Prophase |
1st phase of mitosis in which chromosome condense becoming visible the nuclear membrane dissolves and the centrosome move to opposite ends of the nucleus and form spindle fibers |
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up along and imaginary line in the middle of the cell |
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Anaphase |
Spindle fibers being to shorten separating the sister chromatids and pulling them to opposite ends of the cell |
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Telophase |
Genetic material and been separated and the nuclear membrane begins to reform to create two separate but identical nuclei |
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Cytokinesis |
When the cell is fully separated into two identical daughter cells |
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G1 phase |
The cell grows larger, makes new proteins, and develops organelles, there’s a checkpoint that makes sure there is the required machinery for dna synthesis |
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Synthesis phase |
The phase of the cell cycle that dna is replicated |
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G2 phase |
Last phase before cell enters mitosis, growth and preparation for mitosis, checkpoint at the end to determine if the cell has required parts to divide |
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Parent/daughter cells |
At the end of mitosis, Tao identical daughter cells are created from one parent cell -since identical they are a diploid |
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Diploid |
2 sets of each chromosome (one maternal one paternal) |
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What does the cell cycle allow to happen |
To grow, heal and maintain your vital tissues and organs |
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What is the G0 phase |
It’s the resting phase, when the cell has exited the cell cycle, but can renter when triggered to divide again |
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What is a mature cell that will no longer divide |
Neuron |
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What type of cells can only perform the states of the cell cycle |
Eukaryotic |
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What does differentiate mean |
Become a distinct type of cell |
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What kind of cell division to prokaryotic cells undergo |
Binary fission |
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What is binary fission |
Form of asexual reproduction resulting in two identical cells. |
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What can disruptions (mutations) in the cell cycle lead to |
Diseases and disorders |
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Cancer cells have what gene |
P53 |
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How does cancer develop |
When the cell cycle goes unchecked and cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably |
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What kind of tumors are cancerous |
Malignant |
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What is it called when cancer can travel to other part of the body |
Metastasis |
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What can stem cells be used for |
To treat certain diseases and conditions such as spinal cord injuries, diabetes, arthritis and heart disease |
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What does it mean that stem cells are undifferentiated and how can they be used |
Have not yet developed special structures or functions, used to replace healthy cells |