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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Definition of Cardiomyopathy?
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PRIMARY myocardial disease attributable to chronic INTRINSIC myocardial (ventricular) dysfunction
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Classifications of Cardiomyopathies?
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Dilated (90%)
Hypertrophic Restrictive |
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Secondary Cardiomyopathies?
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Ischemic
Valvular Inflammatory General System Disease (CT, sarcoidosis) Toxic Rxn (booze, chemo) |
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Chambers affected in Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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All 4, but greater in ventricles
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Mean Age of Dilated Cardiomyopathy presentation?
Age Range? |
4th decade
20-50 years |
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Gender and Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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2-3 times greater in men
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Wall thickness in Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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Normal to slightly thinned
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coronary arteries in Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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normall good (<75% stenosis)
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Common complication w/ Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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Mural Thrombi (50%)
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Histo of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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Myofiber Hypertrophy or Atrophy (so big and small)
FIBROSIS (interstitial and endocardial) |
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Different possible pathogeneses for Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
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Viral (coxsackievirus B)
Booze or Chemo Genetic/Familial (25-35%) Pregnancy |
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Is Dilated Cardiomyopathy a diastolic or systolic disorder?
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SYSTOLIC b/c there is poor contractility
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What about Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
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Its DIASTOLIC b/c of restriction of ventricular filling
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Mean age of presentation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
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30's
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Gender and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
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66% Men
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Gross appearance of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
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Asymmetrical
Most Often involves IVS subendocardial scars LV outflow tract plaque thickened anterior MV leaflet |
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Histo of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
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Severe Myofiber Hypertrophy
Myocardial Fiber DISARRAY Intramural coronary artery thickening Interstitial fibrosis |
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Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
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Point Mutations in genes coding for sarcomeric proteins forming contractile apparatus
Auto Dom |
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Genetic/Familial prevalence in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
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50-60%
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Sudden death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy vs Dilated?
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Dilated: 20%
Hypertrophic: 40$ |
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CHF in Dilated vs Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
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Dilated: >95%
Hypertrophic: 10% |
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Restrictive Cardiomyopathy issue?
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Decreased ventricular compliance => Impaired filling (diastole)
Contractile fxn usually unaffected |
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Etiology of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
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Idiopathic
Associated w/ systemic diseases (amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, etc) |
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Morphology of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
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Ventricles: normal size, not dilated
Firm Myocardium |
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Histo of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
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Interstitial fibrosis
Hemochromatosis Amyloidosis |
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Define Myocarditis?
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Inflammation of myocardium which is the CAUSE of myocardial injury, not a response to it
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Gross morphology of Myocarditis?
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Normal or dilated ventricles
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Histo of Myocarditis?
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interstitial inflammation w/ focal necrosis of myocytes adjacent to inflammatory cells
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Etiologies of Myocarditis?
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Infections
Immune Unknown |
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Types of Infections --> Myocarditis
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VIRAL (most common)
coxsackie A and B HIV related BACTERIAL PROTOZOA: trypanosoma (chagas) toxoplasmosis |
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Types of Immune related etiologies of Myocarditis?
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SLE
Drug hypersensitivity |
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Type of Unknown (?) Etiology of Myocarditis?
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sarcoidosis
giant cell |
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Histo of Viral related Myocarditis?
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LYMPHOCYTES
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Histo of Bacterial related Myocarditis?
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Neutrophils
Bacteria |
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histo of Toxoplasmosis Myocarditis?
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Lymphocytes
Plasma Cells Organisms |
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another cause of myocarditis not mentioned earlier?
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Rheumatic
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histo of acute rheumatic myocarditis?
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aschoff bodies
anitschkow cells (catepillar cells) |