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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the major rist factors that can't be changed?
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Age
Gender Heredity |
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What are the major ristk factors you can modify, treat or control by changing your lifestyle or taking medicine?
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Smoking
High blood cholesterol High blood pressure Physical inactivity Obesity and overweight Diabetes |
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What other factors contribute to heart disease risk?
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Stress
Alcohol |
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What is Metabolic Syndrome?
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A clustering of metabolic complications of obesity
-associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Obesity contributes to: hypertension, high blood cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and hyperglycemia(high blood sugar) |
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Sighns of cardio, metabolic, pulmonary disease
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pain, discomfort, shortness of breath, dizziness or syncope, orothopnea or paraoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, ankle edema, palpitations or tachycardia, intermittent claudication, known heart murmur, unusual fatigue, or shortness of breath
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Pain, discomfort
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-in neck, chest, jay, arms, or other areas may be signs of ischemia
-May be cardiac disease - CAD -Constricting, squeezing, burning, heavy feeling, dull ache, knifelike |
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Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion
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Dyspnea - symptom of cardiac and pulmonary disease, common in strenuous exertion
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Dizziness or syncope
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Syncope is mostly caused by reduced perfusion of the brain. prevent rise in cardiac output during exercise, severe CAD, aortic stenosis.
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Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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-Dyspnea occurring at rest in laying position, relieved by sitting or standing. usually 2-5 hours after onset of sleep. left ventricular disfunction
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Ankle edema
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Bilateral ankle edema. evident at night. sign of heart failure. venous thrombosis or lymphatic blockage.
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Palpitations or tachycardia
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unpleasant awareness of the forceful or rapid beating of the heart. induced by tachycardia, bradycardia, ectopic beats, compensatory pauses. occur from anxiety, anemia, fever
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Intermittent claudication
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The pain that occurs in a muscle with an inadequate blood supply that is stressed from exercise. doesnt occur when sitting or standing. described as cramp. disappears 1-2 minutes after exercise. CAD and diabetes is more prevelent with this
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Known Heart Murmur
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may indicate valvular or other cardio disease.
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Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities
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May signal the onset of, or change in the status of cardio, pulmonary, or metabolic disease
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Family History
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Myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization. or suddin death before 55 in father, or before 65 in mother.
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Age
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Men>45, Women>55
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Cigarette Smoking
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Current smoker, one who quit within 6 months, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
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Sedentary lifestyle
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Not participating in 30 minutes of moderate intensity (40-60% vo2 R) on at least 3 days of the week for 3 months
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Obesity
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Body mass index >30 or waiste >40 inches for men and >35 for women
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Dyslipidemia
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LDL cholesterol or HDL cholesterol or on lipid lowering medication.
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Prediabetes
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Impaired fasting glucose=fasting plasma glucose
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With CVD consider making decisions about:
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-level of medical clearance
-the need for exercise testing prior to initiating participation -The level of supervision fot both exercise testing and exercise program participation |
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Low Risk
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less than 1 CVD risk factor
-risk for cardio event low, physical exercise program may be pursued safely without medical exam |
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Moderate Risk
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2 or more risk factors
-risk for cardio event is increased. may engage in low to moderate intensity physical activity without medical clearance.medical exam recomended |
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High Risk
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Known cardio, pulmonary, or metabolic disease or one or more sign or symptom
-risk for cardio event increased, medical exam should take place and clearance given for exercise at any intensity. |
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Health fitness professionals should have knowledge of:
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-criteria for cardio, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases
-The descriptions of signs and symptoms for these diseases -The specific criteria that determine the CVD risk factor schemes -the criteria for each risk category |
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Cardiac rehabilitation
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-A multidisciplinary program of education and exercise established to assist individuals with heart disease in achieving optimal physical, psychological, and functional status within the limits of their disease
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Cardiac rehab program includes:
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-education of the patient and family in the recognition, prevention and treatment of cardio disease
-Elimination or reduction of risk facctors -Dealing with the psychological factors that influence revovery from heart disease -Structured, progressive physical activity, either in a rehab setting or a home program -Vocational counseling |
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Cardiac rehab staff
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-cardiac rehab advisory board
-attending physician -medical director -program coordinator -professional skilled at exercise testing -dietician -behavior specialist |
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Phases of cardiac rehab
-Phase I |
Acute
3 MET FC |
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Phases of cardiac rehab
Phase II |
Sub acute
5 MET FC |
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Phases of cardiac rehab
Phase III |
Intensive rehab
8 MET FC |
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Phases of cardiac rehab
Phase IV |
Ongoing rehab
Adult Fitness |