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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Total cholesterol values |
Desireable: <200 mg/dL Borderline high: 200- 239 mg/dL High: >200 mg/ dL |
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LDL lab values |
Optimal: <100mg/dL Normal: 100 - 129 mg/dL Borderline High: 130- 159 mg/dL High: 160- 189 mg/dL Very High: >190 mg/dL |
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JNC7 Blood Pressure Guidelines |
Normal systolic 120- 139 diastolic <80 Prehypertension S: 140- 159 D: 80-89 Hypretension Stage 1 S: 140-159 D: 90-99 Hypertension Stage 2 S: >160 D: >100 |
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HDL Lab Values |
Low level, High risk: <40 men <50 women Average risk: 40-50 men 50-60 women High level, low risk : >60 men and women |
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Which organs are commonly affected by longterm uncontrolled hypertension |
Brain (stroke) Eyes (retinoaty, AV nicking, bleeding, blindness) Heart (heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, MI, CHF) Kidneys (renal failure, proteinuria) |
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Statins |
atovastatin (Lipitor) rosurvastatin (Crestor) simvastatin (Zocor) |
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Hypertension Treatment |
1. Thiazide Diuretic "-ide" 2. ACE "prils" 3. ARB "sartan" 4. BB "lol" 5. CCB "pine" |
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Cozaar interactions |
Tagamet increase serum levels
Diflucan decreases efficacy of Cozaar oxipurinol increase risk of enal calculi grapefrut delays absorption |
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S2 heart sound |
Closing of aortic and pulmonic valve systole to diastole "lub dub" |
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S1 heart sound |
Closing of mitral and tricuspid valves diastole to systole |
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Clinical Signs and symptoms of heart failure |
resting tachycardia narrow pulse pressure <25 tachypnea crackles diaphoretic S3 and/or S4 heart sound peripheral edema (late sign) |
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Systolic Murmurs |
Mr. Peyton Manning as MVP Mr. - Mitral Regurgitation Peyton Manning- Physiologic Murmur As- Aortic Stenosis MVP- Mitral Valve Polapse |
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Diastolic murmurs characteristically begin with ___ heart sounds and terminate with or before ___ heart sound |
Begin with S2 Terminate with or before S1 |
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Palpations and chest pain "Click" heard at mitral listening point |
Mitral Valve Prolapse |
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Middle age older adult male complains of midsternal chest pain that feels like heavy pressure on chest. Numbness and tingling felt in left jaw and arm. Diaphoretic, cool, clammy skin. |
Acute Myocardial Infarction |
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Eldely white male complains of pulsating type senation in abdomen and low back. Pain becomes sharp and excrutiating History of smoking and hypertention |
Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneruysm (AAA) |
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Elderly patient complains of acute onset of dyspnea, fatigue, dry cough, and swollen feet and ankles with gradual weight gain. Lung exam reveals crackles. S3 heart sound heard. History of CAD and prior MI |
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
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Patient presents with fever, chills, malaise that is asociated with new murmur and absupt onset of CHF. Subunual hemorrhages on nailbeds, petachiae on palate, painful violet colored nodes on fingers and feet tender spots on palms/ soles |
Bacterial endocarditis |
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Diastolic Murmurs |
Ms. ART Ms. - Mitral Stenosis (low pitched rumbling) AR- Aortic regurgitation (high pitched) ALWAYS indicative of heart disease |
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Sudden palpitations with weakness, dizziness, syncope, and dyspnea |
Cardiac arrythmias- atrial fibrillation |
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Patient complains of abrupt onset of palpitations, rapid pulse, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, anxiety Pulse: 200 BPM EKG: Peaked QRS with P waves present |
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia |
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Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia causes |
digitalis toxicity alcohol hyperthyroidism caffeine illegal drugs |
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Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia treatment |
Tell patient to hold breath and strain hard Carotid massage Splash ice on face (valsalva maneuver) |
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Left Ventricular Heart Failure Symptoms |
crackles, rales, cough, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, dullness to percussion paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, othopnea, nocturnal nonproductive cough, wheezing HINT: LEFT for LUNG |
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Right Ventricular Heart Failure Symptoms |
jugular vein distention enlarged spleen, enlarged liver extreme edema HINT: RIGHT for GI |
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CHF treatment |
Lasix 20mg- 320 mg daily Nitroglycerin ACE, ARB, BB, Digoxin |
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Older patient with history of smoking and hyperlipidemia complains of worsening pain on ambulation that is relieved by rest. Overtime symptoms worse until walking is limited. |
Peripheral vascular disease |
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Diagnostic Tests for Peripheral Vascular Disease |
Initial: ankle and bradial BP before and after exercise Doppler flow study Angiography- gold standard |
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Adult, tall and thin female patient complains of fatigue, palpations, and lightheadedness that is aggravated by heavy exertion. S2 click followed by systolic murmur |
Mitral valve prolapse |
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Mitral valve prolapse treatment |
asymptomatic- no treatment, monitor symtomatic- Betablockers avoid caffeine avoid alcohol and cigarettes |
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No P Wave present on EKG |
atrial fibrillation |
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Pathologic Q waves present on EKG
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Myocardial Infarction |
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ST segment elevation with tall peaked T wave on EKG |
Myocardial Injury |
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Low frequency sound heard late in diastole Rare in children and infacnts Always pathological and seen in conditions with decreased in ventricular compliance |
S4 heart sound |
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High pitched diastolic murmure which is best heard at the second intercostal space at the right side of the sternum. Harsh and noisy murmur that radiate to neck |
aortic regurgitation |
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Murmur Grades |
II / VI - Quite but hear as soon as stethoscope is placed on chest III / VI - Moderately loud IV/ VI - Loud with palpable trill V/ VI - Very loud and heard with stethoscope partially off chest |
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First line treatment for essential tremors |
betablockers - prolanolol |
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What is the significance of the S4 heart sound |
it is a marker of poor diastolic function, most often in poorly controlled hypertension or recurrent myocardia ischemia |
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elevated calcium level causes |
hyperparathyroidism |
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medical history risk factors associated with CHF |
CAD renal disease COPD hypertension previous MI vascular disease severe anemias |
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low frequency heart sound heard late in diastole |
S3 |
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cyanotic heart defects |
truncus arteriosus |
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acyanotic heart defect |
aortic valvular lesions patent ductus arteriosus atrial septal defect |
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parasystolic murmur that is best heard at the apex or apical area, radiates to axilla and is loud-blowing and high pitched |
mitral regurgitation |