Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the difference between Anterior and Posterior postioning? |
Anterior is looking at the front of the body, whereas Posterior is looking at the back. |
|
Which is the closest to the midline of the body, Medial or Lateral positions? |
Medial because it's closest to the midline of the body, meanwhile lateral is further away. |
|
Proximal and Distal positions are related to the positionings of a bone's roots. But which is which? |
Proximal is nearer to the root, for example the root of the arm is the shoulder and Distal is getting away from the root, like the hand in this example. |
|
What is the difference between Supirior and Inferior positionings? |
Superior means above something and Inferiror means below something. |
|
The Axial System protects brain and the central nervous system, but what bones are included in this system? |
The Cranium, Thoracic Cage (sternum/ribs) and Vertebral column (spine/vertebral). |
|
The Appendicular System is the shoulder and pelvic girdles and the limbs of the body, but what is its function? |
It holds and suppors the limbs as well as allowing humans to walk and manipulate objects. |
|
Long bones can be identified by being longer than being wide. Name three other structural components and and an example of long bones. |
They have growth plates (epiphyses) at either end, a hard outer surface and a spongy inner bone (cancellous). Eg. Femur, Humerus, Tibia and Fibula, Metacarpals, Metatarsals and Phalanges. |
|
Short Bones, such as Carpals and Tarsals, support stability. How can you identify a Short Bone? |
They're as wide as they are long and contain large amounts of bone marrow. |
|
Flat Bones are strong, flat and provide protection. Can you state another function and an example? |
They form Red Blood Cells and examples include: scapular,sternum, cranium pelivice and the ribs. |
|
Irregular Bones don't fall into any other catagory, can you name two examples? |
The Mandible (jaw) and spereate vertabrae |
|
Sesamoid Bones are usually short or irregular bones. But where are they usually found and what is their function? |
They're usually present in tendons and theyre function is to protect the tendon. An example of a sesamoid bones is the Patella (knee cap). |
|
A Nuetral Spine has a slightly curved shape with three curves. Kyphosis and Scoliosis are conditions that affect this. What is the difference between these two conditions? |
Kyphosis - outward curve of thoracic or hunchback. Scoliosis - abnormal curvature of the spine to the left or right known as lateral curvature. |
|
What are the five main Functions of the Skeleton? |
1. Support 2. Movement 3. Protection 4. Stores Minerals 5. Produces Red Blood Cells |
|
What are the three other Functions of the Skeleton? |
Leverage, Weight Bearing and Reducing Friction. |
|
Describe the Movement fuction of the skeleton. |
The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to carryout movements. The vertabrae allows us to bend, strech and rotate our body. |
|
Describe the Support function of the skeleton. |
The vertabrae for example supports the head, and other bones provide a supporting framework for the soft tissues of the body. |
|
Describe the Protection function of the skeleton. |
The bones protect vital organs, for example: the skull protects the brain, the ribgage and thorax protects the heart and lungs and the vertabral column protects the spinal cord. |
|
Describe the Blood Cell Production function of the skeleton? |
Blood vessles feed the bones amd the bones contain bone marrow, this is what produces both red and white Blood Cells.` |
|
Describe the Storage of Minerals function of the skeleton. |
Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are stored in bones and they aid bone growth and health. Minerals can be released into the blood if required. |
|
Decribe the Leverage function of the skeleton. |
Bones require a lever system to allow muscles to pull against created movement. |
|
Describe the Weight Bearing function of the skeleton. |
Strong bones support the weight of the tissue including muscle, so when exercising large force is applied to the body - the skeleton prevents injury. |
|
Describe the Reducing Friction function of the skeleton. |
Synovial Joints of the skeletal system secrete fluid to prevent bones from rubbing against eachother, therefore friction is reduced. |
|
What is a Fibrous Joint, give an example? |
The joint doesn't move because the bones have been fused together where they overlap. An example of this would be the Cranium. |
|
What is a Cartilaginous Joint, give an example? |
A slightly movable joint with cartilage pads in-between and is held together by ligaments, for example the vertebrae. |
|
A Freely movable joint has the highest amount of mobility. What is the correct name for this type of joint? |
A Synovial joint, examples include the knee, elbow, shoulder and ankle joints as well as more. |
|
Name the 6 types of Synovial Joint. |
Plane/Gliding Saddle Hinge Pivot Epsilloid Ball and Socket |
|
What are the Short Term effects on the Skeletal system? |
Increase in Synovial fluid and viscosity so that the joint is more protected. |
|
What are the Long Term effects on the Skeletal system? |
Through exercise the joint will become much stronger. |
|
What is Osteoporosis? |
The weakening of bones caused by a reduction in bone density making them prone to fracture. |
|
What causes Osteoporosis? |
By a lack of Vitamin D or Calcium, and can also come about with age. |
|
How can you treat Osteoporosis? |
By participating in moderate exercise, this promotes the uptake of minerals to make the bones less brittle and fragile. |
|
What is Arthritis? |
A degenerative joint disease caused by a loss of articular bones in a joint causing pain, swelling and reduced motion within the joint. |