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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frontal Cortex |
- Also known as the frontal lobe of the brain - Especially important for planning appropriate behavioral responses to external and internal stimuli - Integrates complex perceptual information from sensory and motor cortices as well as from the parietal and temporal association cortices to perform cognitive tasks |
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Frontal Cortex injury |
Impairment in planning (executive function) |
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Frontal Cortex psychiatric diagnoses |
• Schizophrenia |
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Midbrain |
- Rostral part of the brain stem - Smallest part of the brain |
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Brain Stem |
- Includes the medulla oblongata, pons and the midbrain - Spinal cord - continuation of the brain stem |
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Brain Stem Diagram |
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Midbrain Functions |
- Conduction of nerve impulse |
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Midbrain Structures |
- Red nucleus – origin of rubrospinal tract - Deals with automatic associated reflexes |
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Clinical cases associated with mid-brain damage |
Yellow star thistle poisoning Symptoms - Inabilityto swallow, eat and drink |
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The limbic system |
is a complex set of structures that lies on |
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Limbic system components |
- hypothalamus, - the hippocampus,
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Limbic system Functions |
The limbic system supports a variety of functions including adrenaline flow, emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. Emotional life is largely housed in the limbic system, and it has a great deal to do with the formation of memories |
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Limbic system Diagram |
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Hypothalamus |
- Mainly concerned with homeostasis. - Responsible for regulating hunger, thirst, response to pain, levels of pleasure, anger and aggressive behavior, and more. |
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Hippocampus |
- The hippocampus consists of two “horns” that curve back from theamygdala. - Very important in converting things that are “in your mind” at the moment (in short-term memory) into things that you will remember for the long run (long-term memory) |
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Hippocampus diagram |
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Hippocampus damaged |
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Amygdala |
- The amygdala, deep in the temporal lobe, is a very important link in the limbic system. - The amygdala connects with the hippocampus. These connections enable it to play an important role in the mediation and control of major activities like friendship, love, fear and affection and on the expression of mood. - Damage to amygdala disrupts emotional reactions (as reported in monkeys), these and makes them social outcasts. |
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Amygdala in Animals |
- When it is stimulated electrically, animals respond with aggression. |
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Amygdala diagram |
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Other components of the limbic system |
The cingulate gyrus: is responsible for focusing |
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Other components of the limbic system |
The ventral tegmental area People with damage here tend to have difficulty getting pleasure in life, and often turn to alcohol, drugs, sweets, and gambling. |
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ventral tegmental area diagram |
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Other components of the limbic system |
The basal ganglia. They are responsible for |
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Other components of the limbic system |
Though, the prefrontal cortex is involved in |
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additional facts about the limbic system |
- Sometimes referred to as the “emotional brain - The same structures found in the human limbic system can also be found in the brains of evolutionary ancient animals such as the alligator. - In humans, the limbic system is more involved in motivation and emotional behaviors. |
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autonomic nervous system |
The (ANS), also known as the visceral nervous system and involuntary nervous system — is a division of the peripheral nervous system that functions as a control system (largely below the level of consciousness) over the function of internal organs. These functions include influencing heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupillary dilation, urination, sexual arousal, breathing and swallowing. |
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The autonomic nervous system has two branches |
the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS), and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The sympathetic nervous system is often considered the "fight or flight" system, while the parasympathetic nervous system is often considered the "rest and digest" or "feed and breed" system. In many cases, PSNS and SNS have "opposite" actions where one system activates a physiological response and the other inhibits it |
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Autonomic Nervous System diagram |
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