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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
studies evolutionary history of plants, how to identify and preserve species
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Systematist
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studies photosynthesis, hormones, gene actions, and flowering
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physiologist
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studies how structure relates to function
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anatomist
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studies plant life-cycles and reproduction
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morphologist
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studies how plants relate to other organisms
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ecologist
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studies transfer of genetic information
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geneticist
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mosses are_____
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bryophytes
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ferns are______
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seedless vascular plants
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naked seeds, conifers
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gymnosperms
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flowering plants
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angiosperms
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study of interaction of plants w/biotic and abiotic surroundings
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ecology
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group of interbreeding (same species) living in a defined area
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Population
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all biotic organisms within a specific area at the same time
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community
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community + habitat
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ecosystem
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all regions on earth where life exists
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biosphere
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abiotic factors that affect distribution of plants [6]
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temperature
water sunlight wind soil disturbances |
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biome with extremely high diversity
broadleaved evergreens, epiphytes very poor in nutrients 1/2 of all known plants & animals high rainfall 0 latitude |
Tropical rain forest
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biome
winter deciduous trees spring ephemeral flora 30 - 60 latitude maple , Oak, Basswood, Hickory four distinct seasons |
temperate Deciduous Forest
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biome
most productive nutrient-rich organic soil size increase in dry years maintained by fire, grazing, and drought 30-60 latitude |
grasslands
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biome
widely scattered deciduous trees higher rainfall than grasslands long dry season drought deciduous trees largest is in Africa (elephants, lions) |
savanna
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biome
evaporation exceeds precipitation very low nutrient levels annual plants are important because seeds remain dormant thick stems & reduced leaf surface |
Desert
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biome
hot dry summers and wet mild winters many plants contain compound that encourage fires vegetation is shrubby some species require fire for seeds to germinate |
chaparral
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biome
high rainfall low diversity mixture of needle and broadleaf evergreens |
temperate rain forest
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biome
largest biome (11%) very low diversity sruce-moose taiga & northern boreal forest |
Northern Coniferous Forest
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Biome
10 months winter dark for 6 months permafrost |
tundra
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biome with no vegetaion
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ice desert
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growth pattern that levels off at carrying capacity
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logistic growth
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where a logistic growth pattern levels off
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carrying capacity
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growth model of unlimited resources and space
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exponential growth model
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Name three plant adaptions for surviving cold temperatures
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thick covering of leaves
protected respiration (small pores in pits) store reserves below ground |
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maximum # of individuals an environment has resources to support
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carrying capacity
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Name three density dependent limiting factors for a population
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disease
resource competition waste toxicity |
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Name 3 density independent limiting factors
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human disturbance
natural disaster climate |
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Name the 4 interspecific interactions of plants
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mutualism
commensalism predation parasitism |
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inter-specific interaction where both species benefit
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mutualism - acacia & ants
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inter-specific interaction where one species benefits but the other is not harmed
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comemnsalism (epiphytes)
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inter-specific interaction where one plant attacks another
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parasitism (dodder, mistletoe, Indian pipe, squaw root)
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competition/interactions between same species (seedlings)
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intra-specific
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order of Primary succession
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moss & lichen
annuals perennials shrubs trees |
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secondary succession starts with
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annuals
(already have soil) |
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biome
evaporation exceeds precipitation very low nutrient levels annual plants are important because seeds remain dormant thick stems & reduced leaf surface |
Desert
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biome
hot dry summers and wet mild winters many plants contain compound that encourage fires vegetation is shrubby some species require fire for seeds to germinate |
chaparral
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biome
high rainfall low diversity mixture of needle and broadleaf evergreens |
temperate rain forest
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biome
largest biome (11%) very low diversity sruce-moose taiga & northern boreal forest |
Northern Coniferous Forest
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Biome
10 months winter dark for 6 months permafrost |
tundra
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biome with no vegetaion
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ice desert
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growth pattern that levels off at carrying capacity
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logistic growth
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where a logistic growth pattern levels off
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carrying capacity
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growth model of unlimited resources and space
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exponential
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Four plant adaptions for surviving cold temperatures
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thick covering of leaves
protected respiration (small pores in pits) store reserves below ground grow close to ground |
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major plants in succession of sand dune ecosystem
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grasses
cottonwoods pines oaks |
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major plants characteristic of climax population in sand dune ecosystem (2)
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Beech, Maple
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one population following another as habitat becomes more accommodating to later population
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ecological succession
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What happens after "blow out" of climax population in sand dune ecosystem?
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secondary succession sets in
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Exponential growth model (formula)
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change in numbers/change in time = rate of increase (capability to reproduce)
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formula for logistic growth model
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change in numbers / change in time = rate of increase times environmental resistance f(x).
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environmental resistance f(x)
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(K-N)/K
carrying capacity minus number divided by carrying capacity |
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pioneer plant most characteristic of sand dune ecosystems
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pioneer grasses
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what 4 major plants appear during succession in a sand dune ecosystem
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grasses
cottonwoods pines oaks |
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what is climax ecosystem?
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optimum balance will stay the same unless physically changed
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Name 4 ideas of Cell theory
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all living organisms made of cells
cells come form other cells cells contain hereditary info that is passed on to offspring all biochemical reactions required for life take place in cells |
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centi
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x10 -2
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milli
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x 10 -3
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micro
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x10 -6
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nano
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x10 -9
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membrane that surrounds central vacule
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tonoplast
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inside of cell wall
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cell membrane
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protoplasm consists of ____and____
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nucleus, cytoplasm
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thickening agent found in cell wall that helps hold cellulose fibers to each other
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peptin
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hole/tunnel connecting cells used for transport and sharing
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plasmodesmata
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large plasmodesmata found in pine
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pits
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a type of dead cell (secondary cell wall) found in nutshells and pears
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scleroids
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selectively permeable structure composed of phospholipids and proteins
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Plasma Membrane
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detail drawing of plasma membrane
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Fluid Mosaic Model
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areas of ribosome production
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nucleoli
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factory, helps in production of non-functional proteins
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rough ER
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lipid synthesis [production of phospholipids] occurs here.
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smooth ER
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modifies proteins to make them functional.
accepts and produces vesicules of proteins |
Golgi apparatus
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micro body that has enzyme to break down hydrogen peroxide
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peroxysomes
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microbody that breaks down stored fats
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glyoxysomes
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plastid
green lipid soluable pigment photosythesis |
chloroplast
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plastid
orange, yellow carrotinoids |
chromoplast
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plastid
no color stores oil in seeds storage of starch in roots 7 underground stems. |
leucoplast
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organell responsible for cellular respiration and production of ATP.
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mitochondria
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microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules make up the_______
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Cytoskeleton
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______control movement of vesicules, chromosomes, and are part of flagella
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microtubules
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______ ______ form a fabric that gives nucleus its round shape
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intermediate filaments
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List 5 contents of the central vaccule
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water
nutrients waste products crystals soluble salts |
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structures common to all cell types include: [6]
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cell membrane
protoplasm DNA ribosomes same 25 amino acids nucleic acids |
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Name 2 functions common to all cells
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DNA replication
protein synthesis |
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Three Structures unique to plant cells:
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cell wall of cellulose
large central vacuole plastids |
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cells connect to form __
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tissues
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what is in between the primary cell wall of two adjoining cells?
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middle lamella
(w/pectin) |