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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is primary growth? What is secondary growth? |
Primary growth is how vascular plants extend. Initiated by apical meristems which are located close to the tips of roots and shoots. Secondary growth is the thickening of stems and roots. Initiated by lateral meristems. |
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How do Bryophytes fertilize? |
Water |
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What is homosporous and heterosprous plants? |
Homosporous plants produce one type of spore. Heterosporous plants produce two types of spores. |
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What are hydroids and leptoids? |
Hydroids and leptoids are the water and food conducting cells in most mosses. |
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What are embryophytes? Bryophytes? Tracheophytes? |
Embryophytes- Plants Bryophytes- Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts Tracheophytes- Vascular plants |
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What are rhizoids? |
Rhizoids are Bryophyte roots. |
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Name the three tissue systems in vascular plants and their functions |
Dermal- Outer, protective layer Vascular- Food and water conducting tissues ~Xylem and Phloem Ground |
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What is stele? What types of steles are there? |
Stele is the central cylinder inside roots and stems. Types: Protostele- Simplest and oldest, occurs in roots Siphonstele- Central pith surrounded by vascular tissues, seen in seedless vascular plants Eustele- Vascular cylinder consists of a system of discrete strands around pith, seen in seed plants |
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What is megaphyll and microphyll? |
Microphylls are small leaves with a single strand of vascular tissue. Megaphylls are seen in siphonsteles and eusteles and have a complex system of branching veins |
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Which plants are heterosporous and what do they produce? |
All seed plants are heterosprous and they produce microspores (m) and megaspores (f) |
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What is an ovule? |
The structure that develops into a seed |
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Define gymnosperm and what plants do they include? |
Gymnosperms are plants that have seeds which are not protected by an ovary or fruit. They include cycads, confiers and ginkgo. |
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What are the two types of seed plants? |
Gymnosperms and angiosperms |
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What are parenchymal cells and what do they do? |
Parenchymal cells are active in photosynthesis, cell division, storage, water movement, food transport, and regeneration/wound healing. They are the most common cells in the plant body. |
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What is germination? What is necessary to germinate? |
Germination is the resumption of embryo growth. It requires water, oxygen, proper temperature, and sometimes light. |
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What are the roots 4 primary functions? |
Anchorage, storage, absorption, and conduction |
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What is a rootcap? |
A rootcap is a massing of parenchymal cells, which protect the apical meristem, and aid in penetration of soil. |
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What are lenticels? |
Lenticels are a portion of the periderm with intercellular spaces used for gas exchange. |
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Out of the essential elements, name the 9 macronutrients: |
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Potassium, Calcium, Sulfur, Phosphorous, Nitrogen, Magnesium. |
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Out of the essential elements, name the 8 micronutrients: |
Chlorine, Iron, Boron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Nickle, Molybdenum |
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Name the beneficial elements (5): |
Aluminum, Colbalt, Sodium, Selenium, Silcon. |
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Define necrosis |
The death of tissues - a nutrient deficiency |
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What is chlorosis? |
The loss of Chlorophyll, causes yellowing - nutrient deficiency |
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How do plant cells absorb water? |
Osmosis |
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What are hydraulic redistribution? |
The passage of water from wet soil to dry soil via roots |