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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heathenistic Ethics
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avoid maximum pain with minimal pleasure, and seek a minimal pain that allows maximum pleasure
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Might = Right
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I'm bigger, stronger, and better, so i have the right to do what i want
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Moral Nihilism
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the doctrine that there are no moral facts, no moral truths, and no moral knowledge
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Utilitarianism (theological ethics)
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The greatest good for the greatest #, impartial ; decisive with both long and short-term focus
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Problems with utilitarianism
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too calculating, leaves out responsibility; conflicts with some basic moral intuition
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Rule utilitarianism
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measures the amount of 'good' an individual action does in reference to a rule or law
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Act utilitarianism
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states that actions are moral when they benefit the most people; doesn't judge the value of an action in terms of laws
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Kantian Ethics (deontological or duty ethics)
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universally accepted and humane (as ends not means) way of life.
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Problem with Kantian Ethics
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Allows for more moral latitude but is not always helpful in stressful situations
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Social Contract Theory
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Obligations come from agreements - "we are obligated to keep agreements because we agreed to do so"
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The Doctrine of the Double Effect
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Good is intended (although bad may happen), the act is not intrinsically wrong, the good is produced by the direct action, the good outweighs the bad
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Ordinary
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obligatory (standard)
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Extraordinary
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not required (unusual)
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Ordinary vs Extraordinary Treatment
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Morally distinguished as beneficial or not
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Virtue Ethics
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Honesty and fairness are main focus
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Autonomy
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the intelligent person is self-responsible
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beneficence
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action that is done for the benefit of others; beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent or remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others
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nonmaleficence
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means "to do no harm." Offers little useful guidance to physicians since many beneficial therapies also have serious risks
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justice
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what is legally right or wrong
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Objections to the principles approach: (autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice)
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Too mechanical, doesn't resolve conflicts - ignores intuitive reasoning
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Casuistry or "case-based" reasoning
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focuses on who, what, when and where
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