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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
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The idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
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Cell Theory
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Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life.
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Cell
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Organism whose cells contain nuclei.
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Eukaryote
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The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.
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Nucleus
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Material inside the cell membrane - not including the nucleus.
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Cytoplasm
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Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.
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Nuclear Envelope
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Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
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Chromatin
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single-celled organism lacking a nucleus.
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Prokaryote
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SPecialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.
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Organelle
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Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
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Chromosome
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Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
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Diffusion
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The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume.
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Concentration
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Douuble-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes.
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Lipid Bilayer
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Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
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Cell Wall
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Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
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Cell Membrane
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Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein.
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Ribosome
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One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
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Centriole
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Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins.
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Nucleolus
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Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Golgi Apparatus
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Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.
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Lysosome
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Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
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Vacuole
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Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
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Mitochondrion
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Organelle found in cells of plants and come other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
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Chloroplast
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Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.
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Cytoskeleton
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When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution.
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Equilibrium
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DIffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
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Osmosis
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When the concentration of two solutions is the same.
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Isotonic
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When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes.
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Hypertonic
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When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes.
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Hypotonic
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Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference.
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Active Transport
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Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane.
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Endocytosis
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Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.
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Phagocytosis
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Process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.
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Pinocytosis
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Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material.
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Exocytosis
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