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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pathogens |
Disease causing agents such as certain bacteria and viruses |
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Body's lines of defense against bacteria and viruses |
Barriers to entry Skin and mucous membranes prevents pathogens from gaining entrance into the body First responders Phagocytic white blood cells prevent an infection Acquired defenses Kill the disease casing agent |
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Bacteria |
Single celled prokaryotic that do not have a nucleus |
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Three common shapes of bacteria |
Coccus sphere Bacillus rod Spirullum curved |
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Describe the components of bacteria |
Cell wall of bacteria surrounded by a capsule that is thick and gelatinous that allow bacteria to stick to surfaces |
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What do chillin antibiotics such as penicillin do |
Interfere with production of cell wall |
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Flagella |
Long thin appendages that rotate 360 and cause the bacterium to move backward |
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Fimbriae |
Stiff fibers that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces such as host cells |
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Pilus |
Elongated hollow appendage used to transfer dna from one cell to another |
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Conjugation |
Genes that allow bacteria to be resistant to antibiotics can be passed between bacterial cells through a pilus |
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Plasmids |
Circular pieces of dna in bacteria |
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How do bacteria reproduce |
Binary fission |
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Toxins |
Inhibit cellular metablism |
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Clostridium tetani |
Produces toxin that prevents relaxation of muscle and body contort and suffocation happens |
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Viruses |
Not composed of cells Cellular parasites Cannot aquire and use nutrients on their own Genetic material includes double stranded dna or rna |
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Prions |
Infectious particles made strictly of proteins |
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Creautzfeltd Jakob disease cod or mad cow disease |
Prions form new shape and forces other prions to do the same and nervous tissue is lost |
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Epidemic |
If there are more cases if the disease than expected in a certain area for a certain period of time |
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Outbreak |
If epidemic is confined to a local area |
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Pandemic |
Global epidemic |
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids |
When a person develops one or more oppturnistic disease |
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Phases of an hiv infection |
Acute category a Chronic category b Aids category c |
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Reverse transcriptase |
Catalyzes reverse transcription the conversion of the viral rna to viral dna |
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Integrase |
Catalyzes the integration of viral dna into the dna of the host cell |
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Protease |
Catalyzes the breakdown of the newly synthesized viral polypeptides into functional viral proteins |
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Hiv life cycles |
Attachment Fusion Entry Reverse transcription Integration Biosynthesis and cleavage Assembly Budding |
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Provirus |
When viral dna has integrated into the host cell's dna |
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Highly active antiretroviral therapy |
It stops hiv replication to such an extent that the viral load becomes undetectable it stops hiv from entering a cell and therefore prevent hiv from inserting it's genetic material into host cell |
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What is the name of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis |
Mycobacteria tuberculosis |