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31 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Exercise 8
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Plant Kingdom
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All members have evolved both photosynthetic and cellular respiratory metabolic pathways.
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Photosynthesis
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CO₂ + H₂O → Organic Molecules (sugars, etc.) + O₂
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Cellular Respiration
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Organic Molecules (sugars, etc.) + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + Energy (ATP)
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Photosynthesis Occurs
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Only when green plants are exposed to light. Must be studied in light environment, but the results will reflect the simultaneous effects of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
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Cellular Respiration Occurs
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At all times. Must be studied in dark environment.
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Chlorophyll
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A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy
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How to test for photosynthesis indirectly
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One product of photosynthesis is the simple sugar (monosaccharide) glucose. Multiple glucose molecules can be bonded together to form starch (amylose and amylopectin) which is a polysaccharide. Therefore, the presence of starch (identified by IKI) is an indirect indicator of photosynthesis.
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Coleus Leaf
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The leaf has areas which contain chlorophyll alone (green), anthocyanin, a nonphotosynthetic pigment, alone (red), both pigments (brick red), and no pigment (off-white).
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Chlorophyll a
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The main photosyntheic pigment. Participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
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Chlorophyll b
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An accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfer energy to chlorophyll a.
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Caroteniod
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An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and in some prokaryotes. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, caroteniods broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
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Xanthophylls
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A photosynthetic pigment that primarily absorbs the yellow part of the light spectrum.
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Paper Chromatography
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Can be utilized to separate a mixture of solutes that are found in the same solution. The solutes (in this case, pigments) travel up the paper with the solvent, but at different rates of speed and for different distances based on their solubility in the solvent and molecular size.
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Know what happens to CO₂ levels when plants are in the dark and when they are exposed to light.
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CO₂ levels go up in the dark and down in the light.
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What genus of plant was used in this experiment?
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?
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What is the purpose of the beaker of water that is placed between the light source and the leaves?
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Act as a heat shield.
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Know the theory behind and procedure for paper chromatography.
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The process of paper chromatography can be utilized to separate a mixture of solutes that are found in the same solution. The solutes (pigments) travel up the paper with the solvent, but at different rates of speed and for different distances based on their solubility in the solvent and molecular size.
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What molecules were separated using this technique?
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Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenes, and xanthophylls.
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What two factors affect the distance that these molecules traveled?
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Their solubility in the solvent and molecular size.
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What is the genus of plant was used in this experiment?
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?
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Know the genus of the variegated (Coleus) plant used in Part B of the experiment.
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Solenostemon
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Know the names and colors of the pigments found in the leaves of this plant.
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Chlorophyll (green), Anthocyanin (red), Chlorophyll & Anthocyanin (brick red), and no pigment (white)
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Which of these pigments is water soluble?
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Anthocyanin
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Which of these pigments is alcohol soluble?
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Chlorophyll
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What chemical was used as an indirect indicator that photosynthesis had taken place in a particular area of the leaf?
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IKI
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What color is seen when this chemical reacts with starch?
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Black
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What areas of the leaf showed the presence of starch (e.g. which areas carried out photosynthesis)?
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The green and brick red areas.
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Three things that determine how fast the pigment moves up the paper.
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Molecule size, solubility, and whether pigment H bonds to paper
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Which pigment is soluble in water?
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Anthocyanin
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Which pigment is soluble in alcohol?
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Chlorophyll a
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