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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Variables that are kept constant during the experiements are called |
controlled |
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tentitive explanation for an observation |
hypothesis |
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what the investigator varies in the experiment |
independent |
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process used to measure dependent variable |
procedure |
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appropriate values to use for the independent variable |
level of treatment |
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treatment that eliminates the independent variable or sets it at a standard value |
control |
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what the investigator measures, counts, or records; what is being affected in the experiment |
dependent variable |
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number of times the experiment is repeated |
repetition |
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statement of the expected results of an experiment based on hypothesis |
prediction |
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Describe two types of materials or observations that would necessitate the use of the stereoscopic microscope |
if the object is really large and will not transmit light |
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What characteristics do all eukaryotic cells have in common |
membrane bound organelles; DNA in the nucleus |
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what cellular features differentiate plants from animals |
Plants: cell wall; central vacuole; chloroplasts, Animals: centrioles; lysosomes; centrosomes |
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how are the structures athat are unique to plants important to their success |
cell wall prevents excessive uptake of water; chloroplasts transform light energy into sugar; central vacuole, growth, storage |
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what is the difference between colonial and multicellular organisms |
colonial: unicellular organisms living together; multicellular: individual cells with specific function cannot live on their own |
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Benedict's Reagent |
Test for presence of reducing sugar |
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Benedict's Reagent: Green, Orange, Orange-Red |
Reducing sugar is present |
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Benedict's Reagent: Blue |
No reducing sugar is present. Normal color of Benedict's reagent |
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Iodine |
Turns purple or black if starch is present |
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What adaptations for osmoregulation are found in single-celled organisms, such as the Amoeba and multicellular organisms that lack cell walls but live in a hypotonic environment? |
They have intracellular tonicity that is nearly isotonic to water and maintained via a contractile vacuole. |
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PTU non-competitive or competitive? |
PTU is a non-competitive inhibitor |
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catechol is converted to |
benzoquinone (a pigment product) + H2O; -(its what makes fruits and vegetables darker after exposure to air) |
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Amylase breaks down what? |
amylose, a major component of starch, into maltose |
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Total magnification |
ocular x objective |
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Unicellular |
amoeba e.g. |
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Aggregate |
clumps of unicellular organisms |
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Colonial |
unicellular organism, living together, often in specific numbers |
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multicellular |
cells specialized; individual cells cannot live on their own |
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unicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, protist |
amoeba, trichonympha |
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aggregate, autotrophic, eukaryotic, protist |
protococcus (small green balls in clumps) |
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colonial, autotrophic, eukaryotic, protist |
scenedesmus "alga" (four chambers) |
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multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic, protist |
volvox (trippy sphere of green spheres) |
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multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic, plant |
Elodea (leaf with classic cell wall structure) |
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multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, animal |
epithelial cells (boring cheek cells) |
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unicellular, mixotroph, eukaryotic, protist |
Euglena (fast movers?) |
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unicellular, heterotroph, eukaryotic, protist |
Paramecium |
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Enzyme assay for starch activity tested what? |
disappearance of substrate, NOT production of product |
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Zero to Zero (transmittance) |
Calibrate to 100% (transmittance) |
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Filters that permit photosynthesis |
Clear, red, blue |
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Filters that inhibit photosynthesis |
black, green |
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Chromatography paper |
polar (charged) and made of cellulose |
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Solvent in chromatography experiment polarity? |
non-polar |
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Chromatography results |
paper is very polar, so the most polar pigments will move slowest along the paper. non-polar pigments will rise to top |
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Pigment polarity |
Chlorophyll B, Chlorophyll A, Xanthophyll, Beta Carotene |
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Absorption Spectrum |
absorption pattern for a particular PIGMENT |
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Action Spectrum |
efficacy of various wavelengths of LIGHT |
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What are the main groups (kingdoms) of Eukarya? |
Eukarya (Plantae, Animalia, Fungi) |
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What taxonomic groups (domains) include prokaryotes |
Bacteria, Archae |
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DKPCOFGS |
DKPCOFGS |
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(__) between species reflect our common ancestry. |
Similarities (Unity and Diversity of Life) |
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(__) between species reflect changes due to evolution |
Differences (Unity and Diversity of Life) |
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Question and Hypothesis (5) |
1. Well defined, 2. measureable, 3. reasonable, 4. consistent with existing bodies of knowledge, 5. falsifiable |
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Procedure (3) |
1. Level of treatment, 2. Control, 3. Replication |
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theory |
BROAD in scope, GENERAL enough to support new hypotheses, LARGE body of evidence |
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3 main parts of a nucleotide |
1) a five carbon ribose sugar, 2) a phosphate molecule and 3) one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil |
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Parfocal |
lens that stays in focus when magnification/focal length changes |
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Depth of field |
thickness of a specimen that may be seen in focus at one time |
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Estimating sizes based on magnification |
4x=4mm, 10x=2mm, 40x=1mm |
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What two functional groups are contained in all amino acids? |
Amine (NH2) Carboxylic Acid (-COOH) |
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What does Radical stand for? |
Additional functional group that changes the amino acid general structure into select amino acids. |
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What products are produced during a peptide bond formation? |
Hydrogen and Oxygen forming H20 via dehydration synthesis. |
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Action spectrum |
action spectrum measurement of WHOLE ACTIVITY OF AN ORGANISM in response to light |
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Components of a nucleotide |
1. Five Carbon Sugar 2. Ribose or Deoxyribose (deoxyribose no hydroxyl group) 3. Phosphate Group
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Hydroxyl |
HydroPILIC |
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Carboxyl |
HydroPHILIC |
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Amino group |
HydroPHILIC |
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Phosphate Group |
HYDROPHILIC |
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Methyl |
HydroPHOBIC |
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What three components make a Nucleotide? |
1. Phosphate 2. Pentose Sugar (Dioxyribose or ribose) 3. Nitrogenous Base (ATCG_U) |
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Sucrose is? |
Glucose and Fructose |
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Starch is? |
Glucose and glucose and glucose and glucose
amylose is a form of starch, broken down by amylase in the presence of oxygen |