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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are protists? |
A hodge-podge Taxonomic group in constant change |
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Do the protists represent a Monophyletic group or are they a Paraphyletic group? |
Paraphyletic group |
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What does Paraphyletic mean? |
A single ancestor and some (but not all) of its descendants |
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What are the three levels of the old Taxonomy protists? |
Plant like Algae, fungus-like slime molds, the animal-like Protozoans |
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Are there any protists important to humans? |
Yes, those that are disease causing and those that help in aiding digestion in animals |
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What are some defining characteristics of Prokaryotes? |
Small, no membrane bound organelles, no nucleus, first living things |
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What are some defining characteristics of Eukaryotes? |
Bigger than Prokaryotes, have membrane bound organelles, true nucleus, evolved from Prokaryotes |
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What are common characteristics of protists that are sort of plant like? |
Algae, most have plastides, most are photosynthetic |
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What are some characteristics of protists that are animal-like? |
Protozoans- mostly Heterotrophic but some can operate both ways. |
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What are some different categories of Protists that are fungal-like? |
Slime molds, water molds, and cellular slime molds |
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Are Protist single celled or multicellular? |
Most are single celled (but not all) |
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Are Protists filamentous or multicellular? |
They can be both |
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What does Filamentous mean? |
single cells that form long visible chains, threads, or filaments. |
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What does multicellular mean? |
composed of several or many cells. |
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What does diploid mean? |
having two similar complements of chromosomes. |
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What does haploid mean? |
pertaining to a single set of chromosomes. |
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What is unique about a dinoflagellate? |
It usually has two flagella, one in a groove around the body and the other extending from its center. |
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What category of protists contain autotrophic, heterotrophic, and organisms that can do both? |
Euglenoids |
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How many named species are included in the protist category in Taxonomy? |
Over a hundred thousand (100,000) |
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How are organisms added to the protist category of taxonomy? |
By exclusion |
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What did water-mold cause to happen in the 1870's in France? |
Drowny mildew of grapes and lettuce |
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What industry was hurt by the drowny mildew of grapes and lettuce of the 1870's? |
The French wine industry |
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What water mold caused the Irish potato famine? |
Potato blight |
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When did the Irish Potato Famine take place? |
In the 1840's |
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What are two different types of water-molds that cause problems for humans? |
Cottony mildew on fish and sudden Oak death |
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Which protist group has most of its species with an external and an internal flagellum? |
Euglenoids |
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Which category of protists has a pellicle? |
Euglenoids |
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What is a pellicle? |
a thin skin or membrane |
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What is Fuocoxanthan? |
A yellowish photosynthetic pigment |
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What category of protist has two flagella(one wrapped around groove and one outside), is responsible for the nasty "red tides", and is Bioluminescent? |
Dinoflagellates |
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What is the internal flagella, in Euglenoids, used for? |
Nobody knows |
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What do Euglenoids use their red eye spot for? |
To orient them to light |
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What fraction of the euglenoid species are photosynthetic and can switch from autotrophic to heterotrophic? |
About 1/3 of their species |
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Very few Euglenoids are what? |
Parasitic |
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What does a Euglenoid look like? |
Elongated cells, two flagella, pellicle of protein strips, and have a red-eye spot |
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What habitat do most, but not all, euglenoids inhabit? |
Fresh water |
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Half of the dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, what makes up the other half? |
Predators and parasites |
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Why is the red tide bad? |
Are blooms which can release Toxinscaneome and can make people get sick or die from eating fish or shellfish during a red tide |
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What are some symbiotic relationships photosynthetic dinoflagellate can have? |
Living in corals, jellyfish, sea anemone, and giant clams |
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What do dinoflagellates gain by forming symbiotic relationships with hosts? |
Food and protection from predators |
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Dinoflagellates are also called what? |
Whirling cells |
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What are two different types of golden algae and Kin? |
Diatoms and Brown Algae |
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Where are the four characteristics of golden algae? |
Most are unicellular (but not all), two flagella, can be autotrophic and/or Heterotrophic, most are marine sometimes bloom to cause fish kills, and are typically covered with Fuocoxanthan in addition to chlorophyll A and C |
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Most golden algae is unicellular, what about the rest? |
The rest of the golden alage is either filaments or colonials |
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Diatoms are particularly unique because of what substance their cell walls are made of? |
Silica (glass) |
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What are some uses for Diatom carcasses? |
Toothpaste and natural insecticide |
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What are some common characteristics that are found in the Protist category golden algae? |
Contains the largest and most complex protist , kelps, Has a two-part Silica cell wall, Fuocoxanthan, mined from deep ancient Marine deposits of silica, and contains the genus Sargassum |
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What are some defining characteristics of the red algae category of protists? |
They can live in the deepest water of all photosynthesizers, and provides us with agar, carrageenan, and Nori wrappers (for sushi) |
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What are some defining characteristics of the green algae category of protists? |
Shows the most similarities to plants, Alteration of Generations life cycle, lives in symbiotic relationship with fungi, ranges in size from one micrometer to over one meter,abd has a genus, Chlorella. |
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What is green algae most likely to have given rise to? |
Probably gave rise to land plants |
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What is being considered as both food and an oxygen producer for future space trips? |
Genus, Chlorella |
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What biological group lost slime molds and water molds to the protists when the DNA Nazis showed their genetic closeness to protist? |
Fungus group |
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Why don't more people have "plasmodial slime molds" as pets? |
They can cause diseases |
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What usually makes up the cell walls of fungi? |
Contain chitin, glucans and protein |
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What do we call photosynthetic protists that live in water? |
Algae |
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What are the main groups of algae? |
Euglenoids, dinoflagellates, golden algae, diatoms, brown algae, red algae, and green algae |
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What is present water molds cell walls that is not present in fungi cell walls? |
cellulose |
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What three ways do protozoans get from one place to another? |
by cell extension, flagella, and cilia |
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Where does Trichonympha live? |
in the intestines of many, if not most, termite species. |
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How does the symbiotic relationship, between Trichomonas and a termite intestinal tract, help the termite? |
The Trichomonas helps digest the wood |
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If you drink at a lake or a stream you can get hikers diarrhea or Camper's cramps? |
You can get campers cramps by accidentally swallowing a protozoan cysts in the water |
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What protozoan causes someone to transmit or get vaginitis? |
Trichomonas Vaginalis |
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What is another name for camper's crampers? |
Giardia |
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If you can track African sleeping sickness from Tsetse fly or get Chaga's disease from a kissing bug, what protozoan group can you think? |
Trypanosomes |
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Which protozoan can produce pseudopodia and often live in beautiful shells? |
Foraminiferans |
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What does the Macronuceleus in a paramecium do? |
Protein synthesis and metabolism |
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What does the micronucleus in paramecium do? |
Is used to donate DNA to partner in sex |
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What is apicomplexans? |
Causes water borne diseases, Cat Scratch Fever, and malaria |