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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abiotic and biotic |
Non living features and Living features |
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Biomes |
Biomes- Large regional system characterised by a major vegetation type. Made up off habitats |
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Habitats |
Habitats- Place where organisms live. Contains communities |
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Communities |
Communities- Groups of different populations in an area. |
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Niche |
Niche- Place of a species within a community involving relationships with other species |
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Populations |
Populations- Group or organisms of the same species living in the same area |
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Species |
Species- Groups of similar individuals that can reproduce fertile offspring |
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What are some factors determining distribution and abundance of a saltwater animals and freshwater animals |
Salinity Dissolved Gases Tidal movements only freshwater: pH of water Clarity of water Light avaliability |
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What are some factors determining distribution and abundance of a species in all environments |
Avaliability of food Number of competitors Number of Mates Number of predators Number of disease causing organisms |
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Biomass |
How dense an area is of something. Generally plants and animals |
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3 types of distribution |
1. Regular distribution 2. random distribution 3. Clumped distribution |
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Pros and cons of a transect What is a plan sketch and profile sketch |
Pros- Easy and Simple. Gives you a general idea Cons- Not extremely accurate, because it is a line, many organisms could be sitting right next to it and not get included. Plan Sketch- Birds eye view Profile sketch- side view like graph |
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Mark release recapture equation and the advantages and disadvantages |
Number captured x number recaptured divided by Number marked on recapture. Advantages- Simple method that provides an estimate for abundance for large populations. Disadvantages- Only suitable for mobile animals, time consuming, could harm environment. |
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Define photosynthesis |
Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use the energy from sunlight (absorbed my chlorophyll) to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen. |
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Chemical Equation photosynthesis |
Co2 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2 |
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Producers |
Manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis |
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Consumers |
Organisms that eat or consume other organisms. |
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Aerobic Respiration (what and where) Anerobic Respiration |
A chemical reaction that needs oxygen that breaks down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy. Anaerobic is without oxygen and doesn't produce as much ATP (36 aerobic and 2 anaerobic) |
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Aerobic respiration word equation |
glucose+oxygen --> carbon dioxide+water+ATP energy |
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Functions of ATP |
Repair and maintenance Growth Transporting materials Functioning and breaking down |
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Detrimental interactions |
when one of more organisms are harmed or disadvantaged from the relationship |
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Beneficial interactions |
When one or more organisms benefit from the relationship |
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Allelopathy |
Specific chemicals produced by a plant that can be beneficial or detrimental to another plant. These chemicals influence growth and development of neighbouring plants by repelling predators and parasites. |
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Parasitism and example |
obtains its food from a host, harming the host. Examples include- tape worms and ticks |
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Symbiosis |
When two organisms live together in close association benefiting at least one of them and not harming either. |
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Commensalism and example |
A relationship that benefits one species but does not harm the other. E.g. epiphytes |
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Mutualism and Example |
When both organisms work together and benefit each other e.g. sea anemone (gets nutrients from leftover food eaten by fish) and clown fish (has protective shelter). |
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Role of decomposers in an ecosystem |
Use organic nutrients of dead organisms for energy and leave inorganic nutrients for the plants to recycle. They create a highly important cycle known as the nitrogen cycle which allows energy to constantly be transported through organisms. |
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Autotrophs. Main examples |
Producers- make their own food by converting inorganic molecules to organic compounds. Green plants and algae |
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Heterotrophs |
Consumers. Consume other organisms in order to gain organic molecules needed for life. |
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Primary, secondary, tertiary consumers. Who eats who |
Primary- herbivores Secondary/ tertiary- carnivores and omnivores. Primary consumers are eaten by secondary consumers |
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3 Trophic levels |
1. Scavengers- animals that eat dead organisms 2. Detritivores- ingest and eat organic litter 3. Decomposers- fungi and bacteria that causes chemical decay or organic matter and absorb it. |
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difference between biomass pyramid and energy pyramid |
A biomass pyramid shows the amount of matter in the organisms at each level (population or weight) An energy pyramid shows how much energy has been lost through heat or left behind in each level. (%) |
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3 types of adaptations |
1. Behavioural 2. Structural 3. Physiological |
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Interspecific and Intraspecific competition |
Interspecific- Competition of members from different species Intraspecific- Competition from the same species. |
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What to animals and plants compete for |
Animals- shelter from weather and predators, food, safety and defence Plants- Space/ soil nutrients, Sunlight |
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5 Impacts of humans on ecosystems |
Land clearing, Burn offs, Pest management, Land and water degradation (litter and waste), Erosion, Pollution, Buildings, introduced species, extinction of species. |