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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use
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transmission electronic microscope
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The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that
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light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells
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A primary objective of cell fractionation is to
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separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined
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Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge
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nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes
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All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
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an endoplasmic reticulum
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The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that
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plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm
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Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes?
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a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes
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Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
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rough ER
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The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that
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at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope
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The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by
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the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components
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Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein disposal from prokaryotic cells?
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Proteins that are excreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
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Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?
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lysosome
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The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
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smooth ER
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Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
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Golgi apparatus
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Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?
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lysosome
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Which is one of the main energy transformers of cells?
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mitochondrion
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Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes
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mitochondrion
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Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen
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peroxisome
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Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in
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chloroplasts
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Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include
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mitochondria and chloroplasts
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The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Where are the corresponding reactions likely to occur in prokaryotic respiration?
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on the inner plasma membrane
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A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
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a plant or an animal
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Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?
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Its structure is not derived from the ER.
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Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures
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cytoskeletons
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Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton?
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microfilaments
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The differences among the three categories of cytoskeletal elements would suggest that each of the following has specialized roles. Which of the following is a correct match?
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microtubules and chromosome movement
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Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following
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ameboid movement
formation of cleavage furrows contracting of muscle cells |
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Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true
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Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causingmicrotubules to move relative to each other
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Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella
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centrosomes
ribosomes |
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The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic of all of these extracellular structures
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They are constructed of materials that are largely synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.
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A cell lacking the ability to make and secrete glycoproteins would most likely be deficient in its
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extracellular matrix
Golgi apparatus |
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Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells
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gap junctions
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Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through
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gap junctions
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Of the following molecules of the ECM, which is capable of transmitting signals between the ECM and the cytoskeleton
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integrins
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Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes
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Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins
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Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system
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chloroplast
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Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes
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phagocytic white blood cell
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