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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Passive transport |
when movement of molecules driven by concentration gradient. No ATP required. |
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Osmosis |
Water can diffuse from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Special case for the diffusion of water(FREE WATER) |
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Free water |
water that is not associated with a solute molecule |
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Water |
sticks to solute molecules. form hydration sphere. many water surrounds each solute because its adhesive properties. |
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Adding solute to water will |
decrease the amount of free water. another way is tonicity |
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Tonicity |
Special terms exist to compare solute concentration between a cell and its environment |
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Hypertonic |
solution with higher solute concentration than one comparing to |
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Hypotonic |
solution with a lower concentration than one comparing to |
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Isotonic |
solution with same solute concentration as one comparing to |
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Osmoregulation |
water can move in and out of cells easily. Cells control water balance by controlling solute concentrations. Depends on the cell type and the environment. |
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Osmosis in plant cells |
maintain higher solute inside of cell, on purpose, so water moves in...pushes out against cell wall. This is turgor pressure( plant shriveling, needs water) |
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Freshwater fish in osmosis |
hypertonic to the water around them... have to keep pumping water out of cell. |
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Molecules don't move directly through lipid bi layer? |
Can move via facilitated diffusion. Passive transport. Protein provides channel. used for ions and small molecules. Very selective |
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Active transport |
Cells uses ATP energy to move ions or molecules. Can move against concentration gradient . Transport protein changes shape during the process |
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Transport protein steps |
1. Solute binds to transport protein 2. ATP provides energy for changes in protein shape. 3. Protein returns to original shape and more solute can bind. |
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Exocytosis |
is used for export |
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Endocytosis |
is used for import |
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Three types of enocytosis |
1. Phagocytosis ( WBC, vacuoles,large molecules) 2. Pinocytosis ( fluid- take it) 3. Receptors( miated endocytosis, vesicles, random picking) |
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Energy |
capacity to cause change or to do work |
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Kinetic Energy |
energy in motion |
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Potential energy |
stored energy due to location or structure |
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Chemical energy |
potential energy stored in a molecule |
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Laws of thermodynamic |
study of energy transformations |
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first law of thermodynamics |
total amount of energy in universe is constant(cannot created or destroyed...just change form) |
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Second law of thermodynamic |
energy conversions reduce the order of the universe ( or increase entropy) |
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Entropy |
disorder so entropy increases |
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endergonic |
needs energy to go. product have more energy than reactants. Reaction makes a molecules or molecules |
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exergonic |
releases energy |
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metabolism |
sum of all endergonic and exergonic rxns occuring in a cell |
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pathway |
series of rxns that builds or brakes down a molecule |
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ATP |
energy currency of cells. Powers all form of cell work |
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phsphorylation |
transfer of phosphate group to another molecule |