Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the functions of the integumentary System? (7) |
1. Protects underlying tissues and organs 2.Helps maintain body temperature 3. Absorbs and synthesis D3 4. Contains sensoryreceptors associated with nerve endings 5. Excretes salt, water, and organicwastes 6. Waterproof layer that reduces water loss 7. Cushions and insulatesdeeper organs |
|
Why is the hypodermis not a part of the layers of skin? |
Subcutaneous layer. It's not apart of the skin because it's loosely attached to the dermis above and the muscle below. It's made of areolar and adipose tissue and loose connective tissue |
|
Order of the sub layers of the epidermis |
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale |
|
Describe Stratum Corneum |
Most superficial layer, protects skin from abrasion, penetration, and water loss. |
|
What are the intermediate strata and what happens? |
Stratum Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum |
|
Describe Stratum Lucidum |
glassy clear and several layers thick. Presentonly in thick skin of palms and soles. Keratinocytes are flat and packed withkeratin |
|
Describe Stratum Granulosum |
grainy and several layers thick. Keratinocytesdon’t divide here, instead start producing a lot of protective, water-resistantprotein- keratin |
|
Describe Stratum Spinosum |
spiny layer. Consists of several layers ofkeratinocytes still dividing |
|
Describe Stratum Basale (or Stratum Germinativum) |
attached to underlying dermis, separating dermisand epidermis. Consists of single layer of basal cells (mitotically dividingkeratinocytes) Melanocyte cells also in this layer and only this layer |
|
What is melanin |
brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment producedby melanocytes. It protectsthe cells from ultraviolet radiation, and gives color to the skin. |
|
What is melanocytes |
secrete the pigment melanin that protects thecells and provides pigmentation of the skin |
|
What is keratin |
Protective, water-resistant protein |
|
What are keratinocytes |
An epidermal cell that produces keratin |
|
What sub layers have cells that undergo mitosis? |
Stratum Basale and Stratum Spinosum |
|
Describe Papillary Layer |
Superficial Layer, Underlies the Epidermis,Makes up 20% of the thickness, Composed of areolar tissue with nerves andcapillaries |
|
Describe Reticular Layer |
Deeper Layer, Makes up 80% of thickness,Consists of deep irregular connective tissue, with a network of collagen andelastic fibers |
|
Describe Hair Shaft |
Projects above theskin |
|
Describe Hair Root |
walls of the hairfollicle form a protective tissue sheath around the hair root |
|
Describe Hair follicle |
the pouch like deeptubular invagination of the epidermis from which a hair grows outward from |
|
What is the function of arrector pili? |
Associated with each hair follicle and consistsof a bundle of smooth muscle cells. |
|
What is the structure of arrector pili? |
When relaxed, the arrector pili muscle allowsthe hair to lay relatively flat to the skin surfaceWhen contracted, the arrector pili muscle pulls the hair erect (causing goosebumps) |
|
Sebaceous Glands |
(oil glands) exocrine glands associated with hairfollicles, secrete sebum oil into hair follicles or in some regions directly onthe skin, all over body except for palms, and soles of feet |
|
Sebum |
Lubricates hair and inhibits bacterial growth |
|
What are the two sudoriferous (sweat) glands? |
Merocrine and Apocrine |
|
Describe Merocrine (Eccrine) |
More abundant than apocrine glands. Each glandis a coiled, tubular gland. Discharge secretions directly on skin surface whereit opens through a pore. Prevalent in palms and soles, 99% water along withelectrolytes and wastes |
|
Describe Apocrine |
Larger than merocrine glands with a largerlumen. Ducts don’t open onto skin surface, open into hair follicles. Rich inlipids and contributes to body odors (axillary, nipple, anal, and genital areas) |
|
What is the structure and function of the nails? |
To provide protection to the exposed dorsalsurfaces of fingers and toes |
|
What are the pigments that influence skin color? |
Melanin: brown, yellow-brown, or black pigmentproduced by melanocytes that protect cells from ultraviolet radiation and givescolor to the skinCarotene: orange-yellow pigment accumulated in epidural cells and contributesto the color of the skin |
|
Describe the epidermis |
theouterlayer ofthe integument. It is avascular, andis composed of 4(in thinskin) or 5layers (inthick skin). |
|
Describe the dermis |
It is richly vascularized, and provides mechanical strength, flexibility, and protection for underlying tissues |
|
What is the epidermis composed of? |
Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
|
What is the primary cell type in epidermis? |
Keratinocyte |
|
What cells are located in the stratum basale and only in this layer? |
Melanocytes |
|
How many days does it take to process from cell formation to flaking off? |
40 days |
|
What are the components for the dermis? |
Blood vessels, sensory receptors, and accessory organs such as hair follicles and sweat glands |
|
What are dermal papillae? |
fingerlikeprojections of dermis that project into epidermis. They supportand nourish the epidermis. |